[Music] we tried to group these questions as good as possible and we will immediately start asking our presenters to answer the questions and if we have time in between we of course will also would like to get some more questions from the audience we have the microphones around so whenever you feel that you would like to add an additional question make a comment please raise your hand and make sure that we will identify it and then we can include that in the discussion so let's start with a couple of questions - to our first presenter - dr. Han related to the quality of soybeans and one of the questions or a group group of people different groups of peoples were interested in whether soy yield under European conditions is in any way related to protein content and perhaps protein quality and also whether we do have an effect of latitude on protein on quality aspects of soy protein yes we know in our experiments there is a negative correlation between protein content and the yield especially if we want really high protein soybeans so let's say more than 40 to 43 percent protein in the dry matter so if we want to have a high protein yield it's better to have varieties with around 40 percent protein content and very high yield we have seen that latitude does not play the most important role the most important thing is water if there is enough water and it is warm enough you will get soybeans with a very high protein content if there is not enough water then you will have also low yields but also a very low protein content so water is I think the most important thing and that's why we also started breeding against drought resistance it's quite a challenge but we have to do it because rod will be the biggest problem in future I think so does that mean that is indirectly related to latitude that's how you can office latitude is more or less I think it's the coolness is more south you are you have more more temperature decrease and it's more you have the higher is your yield but not the protein content you get more yield but not more protein content in southern regions okay and quite some groups were interested in the question if you focus an increase in soil production in Europe which crops will they replace can you predict that I'm not sure I think it will replace in parts corn where it is very warm where there is a lot of corn production because in corn we also have some problems now in Europe with the corn rootworm and so it's better to have also another crop it will replace in a more northern parts bit of rapeseed of canola pit because canola we have no problems with insecticides in Europe and it will replace a bit part of wheat because we have too many cereals in our production now so I think it will replace more less some crops but of course I don't hope that we will have a monoculture of soybean that we need some more crops it would be very good in Europe to have let's say five or six crops with them farmers can earn money okay thank you dr. rocky which do you perhaps also have opinion on the competition between canola meal and soy production perhaps based on experiences from Canada well business should not really rely on a competition only I guess there's a room for rapeseed for canola especially for from the animal feeding perspective because canola has a certain limitations and and canola may provide certain benefits over the soybean meal so as I mentioned probably they should be used a complementary and then everybody should be happy done because of the good amino acid profile of canola meal with higher level of the meta union system when compared to soybean meal I guess those two fit ingredients could be used complementary easily so let's put on the friendship rather than competition here and well there are more questions to dr. lukovitch so one of the ways to compete is to improve the disability maybe in general speaking so what technologies can be used to improve the digestibility of canola to you know push the diets up and what may be the next step to breeding to put GSL and control on the Ferger control I see well the problem with the variation in the amino acid digestibility is most most likely cause but the differences in the processing we've got a very positive experience with the Canadian crashing plants so we've been collaborating with economic renewal Council of Canada and and so so they advised the technologies in the plants what kind of setups could be applied to improve the quality of the meal so that technology could be improved and over the years we've seen improvement in the in the crashing plants setups and it was reflected in the canola meal quality and as well since this is the byproduct and the variation may a core most likely that enzyme technology could improve amino acid digestibility still I mean acids could be I mean the protein could be an encapsulated a little bit so the even kind of hydras carbohydrates which are able to hydrolyze those very strong cell walls may may help to release the protein content and so on so enzyme technology will be definitely supportive but in terms of the of the breeding he has glucosinolates are sort of under control plant breeders are busy they're being busy improving the focusing on improvement of the yield of canola also of the of the disease resist resistance and and the drought resistance also this big program on the improving the oil quality for the human consumption so so canola oil may may serve also as a home's like a functional food and then also the de sub definitely focus on the improving of the protein content and protein quality in the in the product thank you thank you so far so another problem with using canola meal baby the content of non-starch polysaccharides yes so it may actually reduce it use in broader diets in in in a way so is there any process via said how successful could be vas selection to what what kind of technologies we can use to reduce the impact of NSPS and how to improve the inclusion of rapeseed Mills of canola meal if you prefer in broiler diet and also a question that is valid to the entire evaluation a feeling value do we have some a quick way some a rapid way to evaluate the quality of the canola can always coming to the mill we want to know what to expect from this crop so is there any way that we can predict we can quickly know what do we have there yeah so canola meal used to be called by-product now we call it core product it's a it's a it's a it's an overall good quality core product we've been trying though to separate fiber or by using the sieving technology so in fact in in our lab we succeed to have the low fiber higher protein meal this is additional step in a processing at this an optional step in the processing I'm referring to to the tile and the Holling additional step may cost increasing the cost of the production in our studies however when we use those different fractions in in an in a broiler production we realized that the difference was not that big and we realized that the the fiber is basically a filler when diets are come called a formulated based on digestible amino acid content the fiber does not really affect it most of the canola fiber is water sample so water insoluble so we'll go through some some people may find it useful for Lincoln's or for breeding stocks the birds may handle better the the high fiber content so but the title and had the Harlan could be of interest and once again enzyme technology definitely births Wilbon F benefits from the and the hydrolysis product in the gut they eating improve the gut health and so on and yet the the quick test it's there should be it should be an asset for the for the not for the feet industry and and apparently the nirs technology has been developed and been used quite substantially in the in the feed industry of course to to calibrate instrument and determine the crude protein moisture fat content is fairly fairly simple but the glucosinolate content may be a little bit more difficult and I have to say that they're currently were actually working hard on the development of the rapid screening for the glucosinolates content we've got enough sample to provide the the pretty reliable calibration for the instrument so it may be a big step forward because most likely the cookus analytes would be a would be a concern for the feed industry so definitely nir technology as a rapid test screening will be will be of interest here okay so anything else thank you very much for your response so apparently the anti nutrients are one of the big obstacles of using diets using raw materials in diets for various categories so there is a questions to emily how to define a standards for the distiller plans to make the final product more standardized and available because we know you show that you know variability is one of the big problems with DDGS is it possible the nowadays plans to start to produce that is standardized I think the timing presents an opportunity so with with soya we had a real challenge because originally people were heating soya to recover hexane so persuading them into a mindset that how they heated it and to focus on on our product on the meal was with difficult we're coming in right at the beginning with trying to produce yeast protein from bioethanol production and what would be really great would be to try and go out of our bubble out of our animal production bubble and go and engage with bio ethanol producers bio ethanol engineers try and get some work out instead of instead of as a scientist publishing in poultry journals I think people like me we need to start putting out our results into bio ethanol journals in really simple key messages that have those standards within them so I think we need we need pair of you we need things in the poultry sector but once we've got a product agreed where we think we've got and perhaps the most fiber that we think we can tolerate what we think is an acceptable and available lysine contact and content we need to then go and really pitch that message in to the people that are engineering the plants ok well thank you so we can aim towards standardized products anyway well but anyway what is the economics of production of those products because the new products they will you know although all the fiber components will have to be skipped out from them and to be allowed to beYOU so what is the economics of this production and called also well how realistically viable could be a economically viable bio ethanol protein concentrate against the nature of the existing one something I hope you didn't make very clear in my talk is that the final products still there and it's still great stuff for feeding to cattle so I'm not I'm not taking the only valuable bit out of out of a process and making a waste product there's still there's still a product with a fair amount of protein in it a lot of fiber that's really good as a cattle feed it's also really great as compost medium for growing plants it's got really nice and it maintains and structure really well so we're not talking about devaluing the other product in terms of whether a bio ethanol protein concentrate can be economically viable that's the job now that's that's where we are now in terms of making that product attractive and and similarly priced a soya because I know it won't floating in the market not a viable product unless it's comparable to soy in price what's really really attractive to bio ethanol plants is although they might have to do a bit of fine-tuning and invest some technology into making our product that the meal that we want optimized for us the energy saving in the plant is absolutely immense somebody was explaining to me that for the investment in technology payback comes in two years with the energy savings and that's incredibly quick all right Thank You Emily so getting back to soy beans there is no chance to talk about soy beans without talking about GMO of obviously you briefly touched that in your presentation and some groups were interested in this there were a couple of questions related to different aspects of political issues regarding GMO we probably don't have time to discuss that now in the few minutes that we still have but it would be interesting to your view on what relevance you see considering GMO perhaps as an alternative to considering self sustainability in regards to breeding activities for soybeans in Europe and it depends a little bit whom you ask if you ask me as a researcher or as a breeder I think it should be no problem to use all the new techniques to make our soybeans better but in the you I think we tried it since 20-30 years to have GMO varieties it does not work so we will not have GMO soybeans grown in Europe in the next let's say 10 years so we don't we cannot use these techniques and therefore we there are two things it protects us a little bit from the world market because our price can be something higher than that but the word market is but also if these quite new breeding technologies are very good and they will be in future I think the word yield will be much higher than that what we have now and then maybe we have a problem in Europe with our years and the the things will change a little bit but I'm not really sure about the the Europeans what they think about GMO in ten years so for me as a breeder and researcher I would really like to use these quite new stuff much more than that what we have now but so far you are using the more traditional techniques we are using very modern technologies but not GMO because this is not allowed in Europe for us okay thank you so because we are getting closer to our time limit we perhaps have a last question to all of our speakers and it appeared to us from the question that were raised from the discussion groups that many people are to some extent puzzled by so many different initiatives being around in so-called alternative protein sources and the question was do we need something like a European protein roadmap do we need some kind of organized research along developing alternative protein sources and should that perhaps be region specific so do we have any ideas on that would you give that a high level of consideration in giving more coordination in future protein sources research in Europe I don't know who wants to start something yes of course we should have this if you are talking into plant breeding we need about 10 years for new varieties so we must be sure that our products will be asked also in some years and it would be much better if we would be sure that there is no European demand for also European proteins it must not be soybeans a lot of other crops that we can use but the breeding companies will only go in there if they are sure the products will be bought also in five or six or ten years well I may speak from the different perspective I'm not really representing the the Europe here but in Canada and us definitely those programs are coordinated nicely and between breeders producers nutritionists crushers and so on so so definitely I always will support getting together because if you want to go somewhere you have to go together so Emily do we have an opinion on that yes and and I think the points that were raised earlier on about having some standard step to aim at so I think if you have if you have some set standards about what we're aspiring to produce and then it just allows people to see if they can make a product that's in an economically viable price range okay good so any other comment perhaps to the end from the audience we couldn't see any hands raised so far but that was probably because of the lighting conditions but anyway we are at the end of the time that was allocated to the session and we do not want to steal too much of your time of the lunch break so let we can we can finish this session on protein meals with a special focus on the European conditions by thanking our speakers or three speakers here and also the speakers from the short oral presentations again for the presentations and thank you all for your contributions made in the discussion groups thank you [Applause] [Music]