[Music] I would like to pass the word now to Professor Elizabeth something who will be talking about the biomarkers and I think this is the next step in the story please solicit the floor is yours morning thank you for the invitation to be here and also for the nice presentations that I have in the beginning so I'm talking about indicators and bio markers to appreciate a good health and actually are more from the field than the markers but I will put my point here just to start with these pictures that I'm very sure that many of you have seen many times but the why I'm putting this picture here is just to show and to remind you that since these six things many changes in selections in genetic have been done in these blighters and when you change it for increase weight gain and these kind of things of course that we change also the immune response and the relationship between this hast with the microbiota and also the inflammatory response we should also take care of these but when you stay in the field and I mean as I say I stay in the field most of the time we saw that when you're looking for a good evaluation it's still we are using the same tool from 16th Johnson rate that was the the first guys that described how to evaluate coccidiosis and you is to using this in field and I'm not saying that it's not good to do that but it's just to her mind how many changes you have in genetic abut how we didn't change when you talk about evaluations of the good and this is about as a maximum and it's very hard to differentiate it from many other challenges that we haven't filled when if I would talk about the surf line or janela it's okay but maxima in this case it's very hard to differentiate and recently we have publications not with from 2011 from dr. Duke Attell group I also talked about these VOCs and put a nice and a beautiful work looking for microscopic and histologic aspects in dysbiosis and this is nice myself have been in many parts of the world open birds and I think in that I'm not go to the heaven because I killed so many birds but anyway I'm not I'm more afraid that don't go to the space and when I talk about this point I saw that the perceptions of good health changes around the world in some parts of the words like here in some countries of Latin American the North West of Brazil we have more challenges with different disease so the perceptions of good health in this place is different from the south of Brazil where I am where we have higher by a security so when you talk about what is good what is bad and good health depends of how challenges you have and when you talk about macroscopic aspects we should have mind that microscopic evaluation is done by people and people has different background of information experience so the painting who is done they could have different scores for the same bird also we have different eyes accuracy and different involvement with results if he who are talking about we are looking for some product then depends who are looking for you can have a bed or or or a good results depend of that normally when you're looking for microscopic aspects you are serving in adversity stash off alterations process so as dr. Chow say sometimes you have inflammations but it's not microscopic alterations that you can see so any times when you're looking for microscopy and I'm saying that microscope is good but we need to train people for that sometimes we saw that just when we have arrived at a disease or alterations with losses in performs and by the way it's always invasive in a destructive process so because this we are so concerned about to find some biomarkers to look at again I put this dr. Valley marching already told you about health guard and the barrier when do you have the inflammation process so in the half guard we have absorptions and here you have with inflammations without the cost that this already has been talking here when we talk about inflammations we should remind always inflammations has a cost and sometimes inflammation is not a microscopic view at these times and health Gertz we have a very good assertion that just start to to to appears about how these tolerances establish it and the role of the t-rex cells in that so you should go through and learn a little bit how to do these things and how descent inflammatory process acting in these in these parts so to be more summary this is my point of view and I'm talking about feed because most of you are nutritionists but also this could happen in some in some infections I'm talking about mycotoxins free radicals all this bad quality of feed that we have in field what happens is that they change the microbiota I really believe that we have this difference and this in terms of the substrata that will cause the different metals producing different metabolites as already you have heard in this room and after that you have a response from the intestine that is the inflammation they start with increasing machine productions inflammations and at this point not always show microscopic lesions so if you are in feud and you open Birds sometimes you say oh that's okay and depends of the perceptions that you have in microscopic alterations you see that everything is okay later on you have deletions and when you have delicious the microscope collisions are now the ITEX that you apply in the world you have the lost let's start with there's an infirmity and a lot of situations that is very very easy to see when you see in field well here I just bring example of the coast of informations used as model the coccidiosis and what you saw here is the reductions and feeding take this is the percentage between 1 to 14 that is the challenge was and the first day so the 1 to 14 we should imagine that you it was the acute phase of the response against coccidiosis and we have 8 percent of reductions in feed intake 16 percent of the reductions in body weight gain and 9 percent of reductions and feed conversion rate so this is the cursed that you saw but when you go looking for the owl brighterdayz if for example 1 to 28 days these losses are reducing 3% for feed intake 9% for body weight and 6% for feed conversion rate and so what it means that with the time you are reducing the loss but this achieved Alost is there with the inflammation process so I really agree that most part of the lastest and most part of the good health affections will be due to inflammation process so because of it we developed a way to looking for this inflammation process in this to logical aspects because I'm a pathologist so we developed at this ice inside methodology that means that we're looking for astrology and start is looking for this information process we put some parameters here like let me know proper fitness when you have inflammation this you have alteration that epithelial thickness probably internal side proliferations and this is nice because interest site is always related to absorptions but I'll show you that in the beginning when you have an inter site proliferation sometimes you don't have a mature interest site that could increase the observers inflammatory process and I'll go on I fix impact factor that means that how much this alteration process could reduce the functions of the Oracle for example necrosis means that you are lost all the conditions of absorption so this is received a high impact factor and this is fix it and when people are reading the this light is in the microscope we can have scores for example as scores that go zero of sense of any alterations square one that means that alterations in terms of frequency or in terms of distributions and the slide will be until 25 percent of the of the normal ones Jew when the alterations be between 25 and 50 percent and skull tree with when you saw that more than 50 percent of the slide is showing the alterations in the alterations that I saw is this one so at the end it is rich a number in in this case the number is 40 45 40 55 for the case of Illume alterations and we start to apply this in many conditions and trial and now so in the field when I went to the field and here I mean some of the alterations that I saw this is a normal one and this is some alterations like you saw here goblet cells presence of all cysts the informations that you saw here again some difference that we saw in them and the stole our suspects so when we went to the field and you try to compare in a huge amount of the bird riders we saw we try to compare the two new house against conventional house applying this in field situations and what we saw is that in conventional house where I cannot I don't have the tuna we saw a high index of I see inside so this means that we have more alterations in conventional house and this alteration was related more with the information or the presence of immune cells inside the lamina propria so we also two examples to evaluate cytokines and we saw that interleukin 10 but also interlock a 12th at this point flow material was higher in conventional house compared with tuna house and this is what's related with reductions in weight gain and now so in feed conversion rate so in field situations we saw that these index could be applied and inside our University in the laboratory which is many trials this was published recently here in this case we are comparing aflatoxin coxy Jose is just to to use very well no factors that affected the good and you saw that the idec's how higher is the idec's how reductions in the weight gain you have and this correlation was negative at this point for the I see inside methodology this is a 14 days and you saw that a 28 days this is will reduce it this is for body weight gain again a 28 days so the relation here the correlation is not as good as I have a 14 days it is why because out astrology aspect that we are looking for it was for inflammation process that was early than macroscopic aspects and when you apply here to compare for example the growth promoters and the control we saw that the group the control without growth promoters reduced with observe at last 5% of body weight gain and the idec's that I showed you so plus 8 idec's 8 numbers and also we saw last 23 percent of reductions and fat digestibility so now we started to put together digestibility inflammations and also the astrology dates that we had so what you learn from our field and trial studies applying this is too large key index in in the studies there is possible to evaluate go to health in mathematical way through astrology we need to change the ways that we show the response of astrology you need to have because it's not as strong alterations it's a very minor alterations that we can put in scores to be easy to to compare the evaluations could be early than microscopy and it's correlated with animal performance and could be applied / products in the laboratory trials and also be applying field but in this case of course that each company should establish this standard that they mean as I told you in the beginning it depends off the part of the word the painter of the challenges that we have occurred with feed quality with disease and things like that you have differential scores that we you say that it's good or not for your prefer for the performance of the uranium's in field and why i'm not telling about the villains and kryptonite on science that I have a very say around the world well I start with that in fact in the beginning of my life when I as a student of its the pathology at university I apply a lot of these results and I saw really a correlations between high virus and absorptions but always I apply it in no challenge trials when I started as a professor and I even pathology professor I start to have challenges and then I saw that when I apply challenges in the trials I saw that the code the variations between violin script was so high that sometimes was not possible to correlate it with performance as we have with no challenge drives so this is why I changed for this another way to see but that you're looking for different things not just a virus in if you saw this this analysis here this is a virus see these parts is enterocyte look the form of interest site like a colon are form and this is means that this entire site has conditions to absorb but if you looking for this another side you have a lot of proliferations of inter-site here but it is doesn't have the same shape it does not have the same functions so this means that sometimes when we are just reading the viral hi this doesn't mean that you have absorptions aiya as you think because they are recovered from challenges this is why I think that villains crypt it's good maybe for no charge trials but when you have a challenge you should looking with more careful for this part and another thing is that astrology score is good as I say I told you it was done by people too but we can put enough softer so we reduce the variations and the background that we need so you need we can adjust that and the involvement is different because when you're looking for its tolerance you will not do it in the field so you can help you can have blind samples and the I just applied you see this is it's good it's possible to evaluate in the first stage of tissues alterations not only in the microscope core disease and could generate numbers but still it's invasive it still is destructive so it's you can go on on that but the still we need more more things to understand so why biomarkers is so important to find and when you talk about biomarkers how should be a biomarkers to get health in my point of view there should be no emphasis so however this astrology aspects could be applied in the field we should look inferno if as if that could be done in feces or blood should be applied before installing microscopic leashes or clinic signs show up so they should be early to do to allow us to take decisions should be quantitative to standardize because sometimes you have these for example I have this biomarkers they means that we have informations but some of them could be a until determinant point I can just relax but when they go through hi I can change my my decisions about that should be easy and fast to evaluate with the normal laboratory technicals and probably these biomarkers will be related with some inflammation process as already have being told he here so I've go to the literature and looking for how was the candidates as good health and biomarkers and in this case the human side it has really different points in that just because you cannot kill people just to say if the gut is good or not of course they had offer us in that and the first biomarkers here it was evaluation of intestinal permeability using large and small molecules this means because as you heard here and yesterday the different junctions is very important so when they are when they are good you are you have reductions in this permeability and when they are unhealth then you have more this permeability so they use these like two laws P P eg 3350 only pass if the junctions between enterocyte is reduce it and this mannitol or this one pass in health cuts because it's smaller so they in vivo monitor ate that put this two in in the enemy indien indicates the animals and then you take a ring of these animals because in case of the human beings in twenty five hours you can have a quotient of the large molecules expressions divided by the small molecules and then you can say how is the permeability of this intestine but when you have no disease this could also be complicated by this another aspects that we don't know this is was for humans could be applying mammals but I don't think that it will be easy to apply for broilers or chickens of course because we can divide the Orion in this point translocations of bacterias in the Indy products we thought so here before is the presence of LPS or anti LPS in the blood in the feces and or in the case is specific enough for the cluster 2 / 4 inches - looking for the alpha toxin the net by toxin or the antibodies against these toxins in the animals - saw but in many cases where these will be applied there is a lot of variations between that sometimes some birds that has a very nice intestine have a higher untrue boils against the stock scenes then the birds that has the disease so still we need to standardized it it is not easy as with thinking when it's just looking for these translocations of the bacteria odd day products in the blood and about the enter a site and make sure the endogenous it'll soil control sites in urine or plasma it's also another possibility in this case for example crouch entry is the major selling Fink junctions protein so when do you have lesions in the junction protein you have increased of this crouching tree in the in the ring and you can follow that but this is what's not described in chicken's citrulline is also amino acid no incorporated into proteins and it's very rich in the entire site so you can look infer this sutra line for example in the blood in the serum and this is higher when you have a lesions in the intestine but in the same way they are not describing in chickens the fattiest abiding proteins comprise the class of low molecular weight cytosolic proteins presented in testing like the allow or additional they are high expressed that it cells present in the tops of virus and they are when these cells are destructed you can find these molecules in the serum but in the same way or the Orion but in the same way there is not described very well in chickens if it has happened so for mammals I think we have more opportunities but in case of the chickens this - we need more understanding of that the inflammatory markers like they could be done and photometers as neutral files and data files that was this immune cells affected in this case and the most promising marker for neutrophils is the cow poo cow protecting and also they have these different names here because they are very resistant to alterations in the in the fat content so you can stay there for a long time and if you have this disc out protection there but it's not describing chickens as well another is the alpha one acute phase protein that was higher in the serum of Briar's we've got unhealthy in was described by by saying in 2015 but it's in serum and it's just apply and in the trials we need to see in the field how could we use that when we really don't know if you have or not challenges and and have the Miele products that is already presented here it's from ultra files also but in the case of a tariff file that is from chickens we don't have this so it's only describes four memos in these cases for birds we have developed during denote Aryans a resulting in the synthesis of Peter is now 13 the debtor tetra butyrin Easter's for my other son obtain well in in summary is important cofactor of oxygen it Roxy the synthesis and when you have inflammation process we expected to have high levels of these in the serum or in the feces but we need study more about how to apply that and maybe dr. Tell has more information so about these biomarkers we can also use cytokines but normally to evaluate cytokines because this prescience of them is so fast and it could be changed so fast also during the time of inflammations for example the first 12 hours you have a high difference in distractions of the cytokines but later you have like a balance between them and this is part to maintain the animal alive so normally the the evaluation will be invasive this is why I didn't put here a very important biomarkers because I think that we stay in the same way that we have with histology or microscope alterations we need to to kill the birds to have this this biomarkers so there is many in the literature you can stay here with another's that people show but you see we need to learn more we need to apply it in few situations but as a closing America I want to remind my point of view as a field persons so what it means normally is that when people are looking for a good healthy field they still are very reactive they need to put decisions only when they have microscope collisions in my video we need to standardize a biomarker we can take this from the literature and start to apply this in the field but we need to correlate you need to combine different technical to to really to choose the best biomarker we need to have the informations that you have from the feed how the quality of them then you need to follow the astrology aspect and the microscopic aspect in Indian you're looking for this biomarkers it's zero or feces twist on their eyes because right now we don't have like a one that you can choose and just start to apply a field and we can do it at university at first but don't forget that you'll be in the field that you have really a strong number of the samples to really really have confidence build in this kind of biomarkers we need to work together ow vets nutritionists and people that to stay and also I can put here microbiota and looking for these different alterations to really find are very good biomarkers to be applied in the future by the way we need to choose the way that people work in the field normally you have a lot of people working as a firefighters in the field they just stay there open birds go from one side to another side looking for solutions when they already has disease alterations and microscope colorations so what I mean is that to start to looking for a biomarker first we need to educate people we need to work with them more closely to understand how these good healthy our outer it along the time and to change it with more Prevention's so why you are so concerned when you talk about to take a GP from the field because we don't know how to work with this monitoring process so to start to change the mind we need to educate the people that stay in front in the frontline of the poetry and we're looking more for Prevention's and don't forget that at the end we are always our health guys because we are producing food for people so we need to have the one health in mind all the time and one half means we start to looking for all these points together and try to find the solutions that could be applying fued situations and in this point the mind that even even for you one side you can learn so much technologies that we can apply for human disease like Crohn's disease and things like that but for that we need to start very soon tool to looking for the solutions so thank you very much and this is the University that I come from [Applause] [Music]