[Music] I'd like to thank aerosol for bringing me here to share a little bit of my experience and I thank you guys we are in Paris right but actually we are here the whole day so you guys are sitting the whole time thank you very much and hopefully we are being able I've been taking a lot of notes already but my goal here is to have you guys bringing some information to your feet meal to your nutritionist resort back to your dairy farmers so that's gonna be my challenge here another challenge that I have is that my group we do research with nutrition and reproduction and we are really interested in how how those two things connect right you may think if we feed cows differently we may have different responses on that reproduction especially during the transition period so I brought here a video that helps me to explain how this nutrition and reproduction connect [Music] [Music] so that's like actually a commercial from Fiat in my country back in Brazil trying to say you know you don't pick for who you love and if you are a vet like I was palpating cows and I didn't realize at that time how much out smell or sometimes I would come back from a lot of palpating so that's the feeling right but we're gonna talk about something that is not new right this paper here the final frontier say hey if we figure this out we are done we are good this transition period is causing a lot of metabolic disorders guess what this was 1999 so 20 years ago and we are still talking about transition peers if I go to June of Dairy Science and look at the title transition period that did that two days ago we have 356 results talking about transition period and that paper was reference more than 800 times so people are talking about it then why we keep talking about it why can't we get died pretty sure that some of you are tired what transition period again no I don't know listen about that right 20 years okay so one thing is starts by asking you guys asking dairy farmers what do you want from this cow this cow just capped what do you guys want from her you tell me milk what else huh dry matter intake what else health longevity what else another calf guess what you guys passed exam you know exactly what you want right that is exactly what the farmer wants if I go anywhere in the world you guys get those three things right that's what we want from that cow because we know the farmer knows that if that's achieved we make money the farmer makes money everybody grows right so why can't we answer those questions every time we do a research with transition cows it's not hard but what I'm gonna try to show you here is anything I do during the transition period I want to tell you is that increase in milk is that getting better health is that getting the cow pregnant even with even if I can't do it preg rate I'm gonna try to get some other indicators okay that's my objective and I think if we do that often we're gonna be given the farmer better strategies feeding strategies so here you go that's what I've mentioned about this TMR or p.m. are wherever you guys feed on that farm I consider that as a prescription right just like us I can eat a lot of crap all the time and pretty soon I'm gonna have to go to the doctor because my joints are hurt my knees or something like that if I eat right probably I'm gonna take that visit to the doctor a little bit later right so can we see that for dairy cows can I give what the cow needs so we're not even talking about supplementing things she needs to build protein can we give what you need right that's the objective here so we already talked about that you guys also know about negative energy balance I'm just showing here Cal seven days in milk and I plug in a MTS that's what's telling me hey she needs this that's how much she is consuming that's how much is going to milk and I also very well brought up we also have this negative protein balance per if you want to say right we just think about the energy balance in ketosis we don't talk much about protein but that's the same relationship okay that we have the other point that the farmer knows and you guys have an idea if you go to this website here from University of Wisconsin Victor Cabrera you can plug in numbers from your farm okay from the farm you're working with cost of production of heifers and all that it's gonna give you how much money you're gonna get per cow per year pulp rag rate so if you guys are here at 20 per grade us 17 per grade that's the average most farms there are advanced there over 30 percent over 30 percent yearly average not just the best month okay average in us 17 percent you see how much money that can represent can be more than 50 dollars a cow per year that's why farmers they want to synchronize cows that wise they want to get cows pregnant they know that brings them money back right so Mike is proven Reapers important bring munnies back to the farmers okay the other thing is you guys went through all the hassle and talk to the farmer and he gets that cow pregnant she's pregnant guess what she's not pregnant forever perhaps okay so there's a very nice work butter by dr. Santos and he went through some research projects and say okay I'll palpate those cows at 28 30 days and then I'll go back and palpate the same cows a lot few days later at 45 or 50 days and here's the difference in days and guess what from 10 to 20 percent those cows lost the embryo 10 to 20 percent loss and that's not normal that's typical so that's the first point that encouraged you guys to go back to your farm to the farmers and say what is your embryonic that we see with palpate at 40 days then you palpate that 60 days what are you seeing in your farms because I'm gonna tell you if you feed that cow right you may be able to impact this number and that's huge right so some researchers who say that depending again on the cost of production of your farm that could be a hundred fifty to three hundred dollars per Pregnant's that should lose on that first month okay so if we avoid one thousand cows from twenty to ten percent we are talking about the hundred pregnancies that we can save okay per year that's huge to get health pregnant very easy better said than done right but those are the seven points to get cows pregnant that's it today I want to talk to you about this uterine environment I want to talk about the quality of the old site that is coming from the ovary and I also want to talk about this guy here with their four own towel so if you guys think about it right just sometimes you just need to relax a little bit and start thinking about it right so think about the cow is inseminated they're all site comes from the ovary that semen is coming through the uterus and she gets pregnant right if he cows come in heat every two days something needs to happen that that cow does not come in heat and she keeps pregnant what is that exactly this thing here by day 14 or 18 after we inseminated that cow and she has the embryo she's going to start touching the uterine all wall implementation implantation she's gonna send a signal that Amber is gonna send a signal to the brain of the cow saying hey you're pregnant don't come in heat again that by day 21 she doesn't come in heat she knows she's pregnant sometimes she is pregnant that signal may be not too strong and she comes back in heat and maybe sometimes 25 26 days you guys don't even know that she was pregnant because you're gonna start palpating her at 28 30 days right one point is the size of this embryo inside the uterus is proportional to the amount of signal that that embryo sent to the brain of the cow a larger embryo will you send a larger signal to the cow interferon tau saying that she's pregnant okay larger embryo more signal and I'll come back to this in the end of the presentation okay so what is the right diet what is my recommendation for your dry period cow's pre fresh or the whole dry period whatever you want to do this would be my recommendation here right so energy we regard not going to talk about it today but like the other speakers talked about we are really tight on crude protein right so you're really tight on this notion of crude protein but for a long time but let me just show you one data from 2005 right from inácio and Clark this is the amount of crude protein that I give to cows and this is how much milk I'll get I get it so you want to have 32 kilos good right 32 kilos of milk guess what you can formulate a diet with 13% good protein or 22 percent protein and you're gonna get your 32 kilos of milk so the big point here is hugely viable so crude protein does not give us a good idea on what how the cows are going to perform so that's it for my point here right now if you feed the 22% crude protein you know that's not a good idea right your M UN's nuclear nitrogen roof through the roof super high then what does that affect the reproduction well there's data from more than 10,000 cows shall say hey if you're in the UN is high your first AI after calving is going to be bad and they divide that in cows that produce 50 kilos of milk per day versus cows that produce 25 kilos per day so there is a difference right remember that we give nitrogen mu n as a concentration per ml of milk so you have more milk more nitrogen circulating through the liver and uterus so there is some effect on your uterus pH we can talk about later so I'm gonna show you a bunch of stuff here right but remember I'm here tonight I'm here tomorrow more than happy to talk to you more about it right if you're gonna see this online later so if you need to go back and understand something I'm not saying let's go back and discuss but if I have a 20 mu an okay in my milk or blood if I have a high producing cows she's gonna have 35% conception rate a low producing cow she's gonna have 40% conception rate and the season also impacted so that's my point feeling a lot of crude protein from the economical side is not a good idea from the repro side is also not a good idea okay so I consider if we are looking at crude protein it's just like driving your car trying to go ahead but you're looking to you're back near not a good idea we need to move forward this is highway 1 in California last week I was promised that are gonna be driving there and watching everything didn't happen but I have the picture so someday I still want to go highway 1 California let's see it's going to happen so I propose here that we should start looking after right so now we need the model to tell us what is the metabolizable protein that I'm formulating for right so I need a model to i'ma tell you from our perspective 1,200 grams before Kevin some people say 1,300 grams we can talk more about it but I also know that out of this protein that is made of amino acids these guys here we already know for a long time that they are limiting so I want to know in this protein what's the profile of these guys right so if I feed what the cow needs amino acids Matheny does that have anything to do with the repro side of things and embryonic death so this paper here okay long time ago they were growing rats in vitro so have a petri dish and you have your media then you put those rat embryos and they start growing right and they were playing around with the media so what they do is hey let's just use calcium very popular in IVF et programs right the embryo transfer it has some minerals it has some nutrients there and they saw that if they just use the calcium guess what a hundred percent of those embryos were abnormal and this is how much they were growing here okay now if they put amino acids and vitamins on that media all good now next treatment they did amino acids all good now when I do just fight amines our bad if I join me no assets we doubt me fine in our bad so you know what is my last one right let's just give them the final and everything goes bad so Bogue goes well every time I have my fine in that media I'm gonna have my embryo growing to the full capacity so there's some indication here that methane in may be needed for that embryo development and guess what if you guys do all those amber transfer when you buy that commercial fluid most of them have all this there they have Metheny and other things that we still need to look more into it so we did a trial back then okay and we are looking at feeding methionine from pre calving then we have our fresh period and then we have our high period that week all right so - 34 - 72 days in milk so you're feeling supplementing not only Matheny room and protected Matheny know we've had some cows choline we've had some cows the mix of the two and some cows control so we didn't feed the rumen protect in the final and we also had really protected lysine here as well okay so I'm not going to talk about the the choline or the mix we didn't see any results there I just want to highlight that choline is the not the same thing as Metheny we can go more in depth that in the end no problem but that's what I'm going to show you the methionine and control group so here are the diets and just to highlights not going to spend much time here but that's kind of the wheat straw the control energy diet type that we use so no big deal there that's kind of the feed stuffs that we use in the Midwest okay as expected the cows that had me finding they produce more milk and also more components that's not new we knew that that usually is gonna happen right you feed the right amino acids she's gonna produce more milk and more protein some of the things also that we saw was higher dry matter intake before calving and after calving so that's seem to happen with those cows with the fine how about the repro side of things now and all these papers you want to you can ask Robert you can ask me and I'll send you all these papers right there's a bunch of them here so you can go in details about everything right so we follow imagine those cows calves they zero and we start following those cows with ultrasound so we know exactly when they're going to ovulate for the first time and we also know half of those cows we went there with a needle and we aspirate that follicle and then we send for analysis so I have an idea of how that follicle is growing and the quality of that follicle as well right so one of the things we didn't see a statistical difference and that would be something to go more cows right we just didn't have we knew from the beginning we didn't have the power to show differences here but this is four days before ovulation how the follicle is growing you can see that the methane group it's drawing if a higher size right and then if you do how many millimeters per day that's the same story seems like that methane in group had a little bit more growth than the other whisperer again statistically I cannot say that and that would be something to look in more cows hundreds of cows right one of the things that we do and then we have power to talk about it is when we aspirate those follicles that's the follicle there follicles have two cells this granulosa cells in theca cells when i aspirate that i aspirate those cells as well and i can check if some of those pathways getting pretty technical here no need to memorize all this but all these are processes enzymes that are converting and metabolizing hormones to other homeless if you think about it cows start growing that follicle that follicle is full of estradiol estrus that's why the cow behaves the cow Oblates she is not a hit anymore because all that estradiol is gone so there is a lot of relationship between how she does that and her chances of getting pregnant later on on the first follicular wave so what we saw is that this enzyme here responsible for putting more estradiol in that follicle was increase the gene expression when we fed them a finding in any of those two treatments so there is an effect of that methane going inside the follicle and perhaps allowing for those enzymes to get more estradiol inside that follicle another point is when we analyze that follicular fluid for amino acids right so we had the control group and the cows that got methane in how much methane was in there lysine or histidine so you can see if we feed room and protected methionine that's showing you up in that follicular fluid there was more methane in there right so that's why maybe those cells they behaved differently as well histidine that tendency they're coming back to dr. Schwarz presentation and I start feeding some amino acids do I start kneading or having some effects of other ones that's something that we still need to figure out right but we also collect blood samples from cows and these are my control cows so if I don't feed room and protected amino acid in a Midwest usually this is going to be the concentration that I got in blood if I feed room and protecting the finding that's what I see remember we don't have requirements for how much in blood but I would like to have an assessment if I go to your farms and I collect a blood sample and I sent to the lab and your blood sample is around 15 I'll say maybe your cows need more how much more well we went to 25 before and after calving right and we got all these results that I'm talking to you here now could I've got 24 would be okay 23 we don't know we know there is this big difference here and the other thing is it's expensive right so that's what we value a lot of companies that do like Edison research because each sample is a hundred bucks so I'm talking about one two three four five six time points times twenty cows in each treatment you start figure out that easily you're spending thirty forty thousand dollars just to get this picture here right so unfortunately it's expensive but it works right how about a you to uterine environment so one of the things that we can do is that we can have get a pap smear brush and we pass through the cervix and the body of the uterus we turn and then we can check for the cells there are defense cells the neutrophils or PMS polymorphonuclear right so we can count those in that syndication of endometritis infection of the uterus right and this is what we saw the cows that were fed rumen protected my finding at fifteen days in milk they had higher pmn than the control however at 30 and then at 72 days that switch and there's another thing that we from academia need need to bring to you better is inflammation good or bad do you guys think this is good or bad the pants right that's the best answer in biology the only constant is the variation right that's the only thing so depends right and what I want to say anytime we talk about immunology we need to go back stage of lactation at least right think about it this cow just kept eighty pound so forty forty five kilos calf plus thirty 60 liters of liquids and stuff comes out of the cow and now don't you want a lot of neutrophils there to clean up that mass and let the cow come back to the original uterine tissue however when you're breeding that cow I don't want a lot of neutrophils bothering the communication between the spermatozoid and the old site right even in mares some breedings when you do breeding some of the mayor's you have to do antibiotic treatments so they slow down a little bit the reaction or even some anti-flammable right because they react too much to the semen so there's a lot of research there but that's my point I would dare to say that here I want a lot of pmn I don't want fever I don't all that happened to the cow but this is microscopy right I want this so that can clean the cow and get her ready to get pregnant guess what this thing 2014 close here Ireland there was a fertility conference I was there dr. LeBlanc from Canada was there and he was proposing so there's no research there but he was proposing that guess what yes the healthy cows are the ones that get a good reaction here but they clean up the bad cows are the ones that are not feed enough to even respond to something or the ones that keep responding the whole time right so we need to see pro-inflammatory pre inflammatory cytokines all this in a perspective okay where is this cow is she wanted to get rid of placenta stuff that the answer may be different what is good what is bad right but you guys got it good job now other things that those neutrophils right when we evaluate them they have a better capacity when the cows got methane in to engulf the bacteria and now so when they engulf the bacteria to really kill the bacteria that's the oxidative burst so giving the cow those amino acids so she can build proteins allow it to do this and this is in blood right so we talked about uterus but you're also talking about that perspective in the blood how about embryos so those cows that we fed until day 72 73 we super overlay to them synchronized super ovulated and collect the embryos out of those cows and the main thing that we found was that the cows that were consuming rumen protected methane in the embryos had more lipids then the Amber's from control cows I'm not saying the Amber's were fat okay I'm not saying that and I know all the implications on freezing embryos and all that I'm just saying they had more lipids I don't know which lipids that's a very interesting question but then control why is that does that mean that their embryos at seven days right so this is a seven days does that mean that that am Bria we have more energy to keep fighting to stay alive does that mean that our membranes are made of lipids that the communication with the uterus is better and so that's going to help the embryo to get nutrition and all the components they need we don't know yet but we'd like to know what are the types of lipids that I'm seeing here right another question here and that's kind of off topic a little bit so we talked about room protect Matheny and impacting the media impact in the embryo that's happening right now in the human industry and I'm not sure how much aware of that you guys are but this is Pittsburgh big guy on the reproduction Hospital working with women for fertilization programs and there are companies that are saying this hey this is the distribution I can get your son to have less chances of being divorced 21 days 25 years right I can get your son to have kids with somebody else you can have less chances of more chances I can change the media that your whole site and the semen from your husband are going to grow and I can give those and guess what this one is usually twenty thirty thousand dollars more expensive than this one but you have the chance go do I go to jail or no jail all bs that means [ __ ] there's no science proving that there is science proving that there is difference like I showed you if I put my finding or not that amber is gonna grow different right right now we are learning that all those babies that we grew and now that are growing and our adults they are having more they are more prone to certain diseases right so we still need to learn and I think that's a huge air of opportunity for cattle is that I can change that media in the cow live or in vitro and I can have perhaps more proteins that are going to be resistant to heat stress I can change how my calf is going to be in the future so it's a huge area that we know little but it matters whatever I do that meter but there's no science but people are capitalized on that and that's a bad bad thing for us right another trial here and I'm getting closer to to finish now different state means counseling dr. Milo youth banks group right different group what they did was hey let's feed cows from 30 days and to 128 days and we are going to give room and protecting the finding or not okay those are the two treatments lots of work but it's a commercial dairy so you have to top dress and you have to make sure that those cows are eating the top dress right if they don't need to three days boom they're out of the treatment all right so then they did that that's the mixture that they did then a lot of cows they were able to recruit 309 cows preemie Paris and multiparous there's a lot of information in the paper but the one I want to bring to you is that the cows that consumed rumen protected methionine had a 6% embryo loss when I pop a at 28 to 61 days versus the control that didn't get remember Tecna finding at 19 percent preemie Paris no difference okay so he's 19 percent super high nope I told you in the beginning that's typical 10 to 20 percent that's typical so for some reason cows that were consuming the finding they had less embryonic death very interesting that they were able to explore that a little bit more right because your guys are questioning why is that one thing is that with the ultrasound that's a nutria sound and here's the embryo they can measure the volume of that embryo and guess what they figure out that the embryos from the cows that are receiving rumen protected Matheny they were larger than the control and almost gonna dare to say that it's not that the rumen protected me finding made the embryo groom grow more 592 596 610 seems like a good size for that embryo the problem is that control for some reason didn't have enough gas they don't have enough food to grow to send that signal to keep pregnant right so probably that's what led to those cows losing those embryos the size in this case matters right okay last research here this is very fresh right this is we finish that in the summer and but I wanted to bring here to show you guys right so you guys can start thinking about it and perhaps go back Sivan with a little question well II don't know with a question that andrew from the UK you made it before okay so what we are doing same thing with me finding that we did before now we are doing utilizing so I either add lysine or not before parturition and I either get those cows and I feed lysine or not so my my finding is fixed the only thing I'm changing its lysine okay and here are all the things that hopefully I'm gonna have in my last slide that's very important how you are doing that how what's the percentage of MP of those amino acids I mean they're say hey I'm telling you as well based on amts predictions that we used what is the lysine methionine histidine ratios right so I'm showing you here so before calving I weigh I went eight point 24 percent NP and we can talk more about this later that's all fine right we can talk about diets shared by its and do all this fun stuff very fun right but that's what we fed and the main things that we saw in here the diet so not much stuff but it's a diet you know we don't want to look to that right but we want to starch not huge right the difference and all that stuff so all normal nothing - for me to highlight there this is what happened with bodyweight dry matter intake and mutual there was if we consider this a tendency okay so there's a tendency for dry matter intake after calving to be different and far also milk yield to be different body condition score and body weight seem to be different that those cows with the that received the lysine they were able to mobilize or use perhaps some of that body fat there was coming from the cows we already on various analysis from the milk to tell you more about that right but it was a little bit different now you guys know in the US we get paid by protein by fat so you really want to know energy corrected milk right and that's what we have what sorry before that I even want to forget because it's very complicated but from lysine one of the things that we can get after we do a good job with other things is quarantine there's a lot of information we can talk more later about carnitine and how helpful it is when the cow is mobilizing body fat there's some trials where they actually fed carnitine to see if the cows would behave better have less liver fatty acids so fatty liver if they had less right so there is a relationship if I give lice into cows they would be able to even produce carnitine that is very essential in that period but the energy correct milk that's it if I feed lysine before calving Andrew if I feed before calving I'll get more energy corrected milk fat corrected milk fat kilos protein kilos and casing another thing interesting I may have similar pros percentage of crude protein or true protein in milk but the percentage of casein that goes from 78 to 85 doesn't vary much but if I increase that you guys make more cheese big-time right but we don't use that very often its progress is very cheap this is just nir as well right so we believe that there is some effect on the mammary gland we're talking about lysine we're talking about a group two amino acid that most likely it's going to be used by the mammary gland on helping those secretary cells to be ready after calving that's what we are hypothesizing here right but there's there are not much research isolating the lysine effect when fed to cows right so bottom line is if we are feeding amino acids for transition cows you want to balance for amino acids you don't wanna just top defining or top lysine you want to make sure your diet is right and most likely gonna have to use two of those amino acids and luckily we have those available commercial right if you need other things at this point we don't have it available out there right so that's what happens so take-home message here if we do a good job feeding the cow right so sometimes you forget to look to the cow so this is counter energy diet negative decad not talking about that but fed with the right amount of lysine and methionine that's a cow eating the top dress the contour energy diet a lot of straw right here three days in milk the same cow 13:11 is this bad a little hint on my head here nope she doesn't have fever let her clean that stuff out right that's why sometimes we have the mat to check we check that to check this Mel we check the temperature that's her cleaning up if she's eating she's no fever let her do that that's the same cow 70 days in milk it's not the most beautiful cow but body condition score seems like she didn't lose a lot of weight she's okay she's been milked 2x that's for us to remember there 2x in our university environment right that's her intake and sorry it's in pounds here but what I'm going to show is that that dive in intake before calving usually with those control energy diets we don't see that right so that's what we're getting here but then after calving she goes and she eats and this cow at 13 days in milk she was producing 71 kilos of milk that's pretty good for us right and this is the colostrum quality we have a lot of other information for that lies in trial but not here so if I could replicate this to all the cows in my herd that's our goal so the genetics guys it's there but we are just missing to put some of the pieces like 90% of our diet needs to be right and then you do this extra 10% you are start getting some more right so no crude protein I don't you guys don't worry about that you worry about me fire me finding the lice and getting the blood make sure that you guys know how much that you feed really gets to the blood of that cow right we have research from ad sales perspective here shown for you guys and really important make sure you are tying up your amino acids with energy very important in our perspective and here are some of the recommendations that you guys can start working on usually you get the ratios right but then when you go to the grams per day per cow that's off and then your whole formulation goes down and hopefully tom is going to be talking to you tomorrow hey this is how it's done this is how it shows up in a MTS and then you guys feel more comfortable like there's no perfect easy model today but you guys need to help us figure out feeding what is this energy coming from that'll be my biggest question today how much fat this farmer feeds versus this farmer how much starch they feed differently in which farm or which nutritionist is getting the better results that's where you guys need to start trying that because we don't have good answers yet right but we start with some of those recommendations and check in the repro stuff even if you are nutritionists right that it's really impacting your milk you than average so if you reproduce down it's very hard for you to bump mute and also that's a whole conversation to start having the vet coming and then the vet the nutritionist and the farmer from both hands start talking about hey our repo is crappy if I start feeling these things we may get a better result right with that that's my contact here and I'm more than welcome to answer questions if you have time [Applause]