[Music] good afternoon ladies and gentlemen I have a difficult job to do today it's the last presentation everybody's a bit tired but I hopefully I will tell you not to be very boring today and okay today difficult and a bit easier because I am last and previous speaker very well described all problems which we are having with a god and when we are talking about go see God we are talking about digestion and absorption we are talking about protective barrier we are talking about God immunity and of course we are talking about about about balance gut microbiota and if you look at this slide you can see here nice realize that's what we were waiting for or looking for but sometimes it's happen like this and of course if you have damaged flies do not expect to have good performance in poultry do not expect to have good FCR that's a major problem and we can we should find a way to deal with that and today a lot of talks were talking about balance about maintenance of homeostasis in the god and I will introduce another one more balance a balance between antioxidants and oxidant since a god which we called redox balance and this redox balance behave on one side of the balances we hear antioxidants we also have here vitamin e selenium carotenoids flavonoids and some muscle nutrients which possess antioxidant activity we have also in the got some antioxidants which are synthesized and if this god part of the balances goes down we are talking about antioxidants is maintenance good holes including guard holes on the other side rows of balances we have Pro accidents like mycotoxins oxidized fat Arrancar some drugs all of them a meeting is a god and if this part of the balances goes down we'll be talking about and to exist and disruption and problems with God cause now the question is what are sources of free radicals in cigar well the major source of course mitochondria which are producing energy but energy production never been 100% efficiency so up to 3 percent of electrons can escape electron transport chain produce free radicals and second major source of course are phagocytes cells those cells which are using free radicals to kill pathogens and again there are a few other things like specific enzymes which are producing free radicals in the god and this is a example of free radical production in mitochondria and you can see here during electrons task chains right at least two sides where reactive oxygen species are produced due to those electrons which I escaped from this electron transport chain if you look at the Focusrite cell as I mentioned for phagocyte duction of free radicals is essential process let's have weaponry for them and they produce this free radical in order to kill pathogens however the same free radicals can damage phagocyte itself therefore a dog's balance and torques and defenses in the phagocytes cell is a key protection against their own weaponry now what about antioxidants is a god well first of all antioxidant enzymes are synthesized the cellular proteins are synthesized there then heat shock proteins glutathione and solutes a reduction ascorbic acid carnitine beta in towering all of them are senses the body and CeCe I mention already they are coming from the guy and today what I would like to do to spend a little bit more time specifically on selenium and Linnet proteins because selenium my old love which I felt 20 years ago with and today I will share the most recent one that in relation to the guardhouse and before I go to that I would like to mention once more that an imbalance between production of free radicals and antioxidants can cause oxidative stress and oxidative stress is considered as a major mechanisms or major stressors in poultry production when we're talking about major stressors we can look at least four different categories of stresses including as there are mental stress technological stresses no traditional stresses internal stresses in general it's impossible to do for tree production commercially avoid in stresses stresses always around but the major message here is so independently which stress we are talking about at the molecular level at the level of cell we are talking about oxidative stress and more than 10 years ago we publish these two reviews and talks and procs and bars in the intestine food for these two reviews were related more to human herbs but the idea about redox bars was there and recently in 2015 we published another review Antiochian per oxidant bars in the intestine application for check placement and the major conclusion from those reviews is antioxidant balance is a God in the god is a key element in maintenance of God jobs now this subject getting a lot of attention from the Medical Sciences in terms of redox balance if the god these are recent reviews and most emphasis are given to the signaling in the god to the balance as a determine or many functioning Zagat including immune system efficiency and of course microbiota and if they're all microbiota in maintenance is God as his balance in say God receiving more and more attention now when we are talking about them to auxins we are talking about the whole and to oxygen system where all antioxidants are working together and every antioxidant has its own job to do and here with a mini I quote headquarter banty works and defense carotenoids communicating services hominoids antioxidant police vitamin C Special Forces and here selenium I called chief executive of Antioch sand defense and hopefully at the end of my presentation you will understand why I called selenium chief executive and before we move to selenium just few words what we know really about redox balance in cigar chick chicken God because the most of work on the God came from medical sciences from the Moodle system button she can be published actually 2005 paper on the antioxidant in the chicken God we showed here the distribution of vitamin E in different part was a god and you can see here the highest level of vitamin E was found at the adenine and G genome then we look at the fat solve antioxidant activity and water soul of antioxidant activity in various part of the God you see how different they are and then recently we'll look at the superoxide dismutase as a major and talks and enzyme which actually first level of an talks and defense and again you can see that the highest activity of this antioxidant Islamic was found in the aadheenam reasonably high algae genome and goes down to colon it decreasing but what is interesting that when we look at the lipid peroxidation we expected the lowest level of lipid peroxidation is this part of the god with antioxidants are highest but nothing of the current the highest level of peroxidation was found at the genome which means we are liking some information we need to understand how that interaction system how's it dogs balance in the gut is regulated and vitamin E is to know the distribution of vitamin E alone is not enough therefore let's look at selenium and selenium was the year we celebrate in 200 years of discovery selenium by Swedish chemist Versailles we knows that selenium is a part of arranged Celina proteins which play important roles in many physiological functions and recently actually we try to categorize all celina proteins and if you look here from 25 cellular proteins which we know exist in poetry more than half are involved in an talks and defense redox balance and signaling so it seems likely that most of silina proteins are involved in these functions they directly related to God cause and it could be shown like this selenium in the diet 25 cellular proteins are expressed they maintain redox balance and signaling the major function is protection against oxidative stress and today of course more emphasis will be given to immunity and God chose and when we're looking at their God it's very interesting from the selenium perspective that in there are four different glutathione peroxidase ages the first one was described in 1973 that was the first cellular protein described and 20 years later another celina protein glutathione peroxidase 2 was described and this is a specific enzyme saleem protein which were created in the god specifically in the god which is having specific function in this part of the body and here grutas antioxidants 2 is mainly expressed in the epithelium lining of the gastrointestinal tract do tatanka oxidase to knock out highly increases the number of of tortex cells it creeped bases and these are indicating the Z's Selena protein is specifically involved in maintenance the dogs balance in the guard because for example of ptosis in many cases is a result of this balance between antioxidants and pro accidents we just recently we published couple of reviews on Brutus antioxidants in Port because the most of work was done before on mammalian species and their conclusion from at least two reviews is still the same that glutathione peroxidase is one of the most important enzymes of auntie works and defense and its role protective role in that god it's difficult to overestimate and if selenium important for the god holes then selenium deficiency should do something bad that's exactly what shown in these two last paper 2016 they showed here that selenium deficiency in chicken actually increased the a pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the god and secondly selenium deficiency in chicken increase or activate NF kappa-b specific transcription factor which is responsive for synthesis for pro-inflammatory cytokines so in the first paper 2016 say clearly a histological level showed that there is inflammation taking place when low level of selenium was in the diet at all three in comparison to control where was a 15 ppm selenium and in the second paper they did more in detail analysis and you can see here that NF kappa-b there is a transcription factor which is responsive for inflammation and you can see here for 55 days ago birds and the level of expression of this transcription factor goes up and up and up which is five times more than in the control level they also shows the expression of inflammatory cytokines for inflammatory cytokines are also increased and then the most recent one it's 2008 till you which came selenium and Selena proteins in gut inflammation Arivu so what here they showed they showed the whole idea how selenium work and this was in human inflammatory bowel disease the most of work on the site came from the Medical Sciences because it's very there is a specific disease which is related to inflammation okay but they showed here that actually the microbe which penetrate the barrier can actually activate dendritic cells and microphages and then NF kappa-b will be activated pro-inflammatory cytokines will be synthesized and inflammation is taking place and when selenium is used it can help to deal with that inflammation now let's try to have a look to transfer this model from the human side into the chicken in a real chicken world okay if we help in chicken for example stress it could be mycotoxins oxidized fat dysbiosis tears at the level of the god then we will have disruption of the barrier function then we have a penetration of the bacteria again similar to the previous model bacteria will activate dendritic cells or dendritic cells and macrophages recognize bacteria they will increase the activity and f kappa b for inflammatory cytokines will be produced inflammation is taking place it's the same as in previous model now in addition to that one we know that microphages are also producing reactive oxygen species in the case of oxidative stress actually the regulation of production of reactive oxygen species by microphages can be broken more free radicals are produced with those redox bars disruption and this will cause apoptosis this will cost mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction increase production of free radicals more free articles and situation getting even worse now how selenium can help here yeah we will finish this with leaky guard with selenium selenium can actually stimulate production of specific prostaglandins g2 by microphages and those prostaglandins are having negative effect or inhibitory effect on NF kappa-b they also affect transcription factors and one of them actually involved in prevention of NF kappa-b activation as well T regulatory cells activate and inflammation Goes Down and further if we look whether selenium is also involved in salina protein synthesis more torques and defenses this transcription factor is responsible for additional synthesis superoxide dismutase and catalase and finally redox balance are established so redox balance they're established inflammation down so what we show here is that potentially this selenium optimal selenium supplementation can help to deal with inflammation in the gut by maintaining and as a control inflammation and the redox signaling is a God that's very fashionable subject today and it's actually proving the TRADOC signal in Sagada epithelium regulate self renewal proliferation migration differentiation microbiota contributes to intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the loss of redox for most ages in involved in pathogenesis and development of a different disorders and one more paper very interesting microbes are talking to mitochondria in the god and mitochondria is a major source of production of free radicals therefore the symbiotic micro microbiota can keep under the control possible over production of free radicals in stress conditions and finally the this paper came recently claimed is the dietary selenium effects Bo's composition of the intestinal microflora and zatia of the gastrointestinal tract which in turn influenced the host selenium status and selling a protein expression and generally speaking this our recent review indicates that the form of selenium is very important how selenium affect God microbiota now we can probably to the major balance I would like to show you on the one side of the balance we have those transcription factors and their NF kappa-b and their f2 and their cap up is as a transcription factor responsive for inflammation and their f2 is responsive for antioxidant defense at specific transcription factor which actually impose additional synthesis of antioxidant molecules on the other side of the balances we came again in the f2 we have Rita genes and we here also NF Kappa B now we hear pathogens which actually it can increase activate or can activate an F kappa b we have stresses we have pro accidents i told you about them then they increase expression and f kappa b and they could decrease nrf2 as a result they have inflammation apoptosis immunosuppression got stretch damages now on the right side we have antioxidant protection we have commenced on micro flora on microbiota and we have nutrients which can help and today I'm talking about selenium as a one example so what they can do then actually can increase expression in the rave to increase expression with genes which are responsive for adaptation so the animal or chicken can easier to adapt to stress they can potentially decrease NF kappa-b as a results we have maintained in the redox balance got structure immunocompetence and gut health and final slide on this subject and there F 2 and F kappa b in the board they are talking to each other and which part of the balances in terms of these transcription factors goes down we are talking about maintenance someone who works in defense which related to gun shows as a maintenance of god fuels or alternatively alternatively excess of inflammation and little few more slides just to emphasize that when we are talking about selenium we need to remember that the action of selenium or efficiency of selenium is very much dependent on the form of selenium and that sodium selenite the traditional form of selenium which was introduced in 1970s still in premises and sodium selenite as a chemical possessed pro-oxidant properties it potentially in the god can have some damage and the confirmations is paper 2010 the usual night at point 3 ppm they made a comparison or histology in duodenum and ileum competing without selenium supplementation and actually they showed the damages done by sodium selenite and that's my lab book which came just recently and here's an organic selenium concept was developed developed from the previous book which published 10 years ago and the chapter here antioxidant PO oxen bar since a god let's a chapter like 30 40 pages which describes this concept i'm talking about today and one more paper just came this year selenium import nutrition from sodium selenite organic selenium sources and here we characterized major sources of selenium in poetry we call the first generation of selenium supplementation cellulite and serenade which introduced long ago they are still there but we need to remember that the time when sodium selenite was introduced in the diet we did not know about different forms of selenium salim gel was considered just as a mineral so more information accumulated we know that main major form of selenium in orga organic one organic mainly celina methionine and therefore selena yeast and pure selena methionine came to the second generation of selling or supplements which actually helping solve selenium problems but they have some problems for example Selina yeast the level of selenium athenian their eyes first and secondly it's comprised for about sixty sixty-five percent so what about the rest the rest of other compounds which are having nothing to do with organic selenium pure Selina Messiah and nice product but there is a problem of stability and finally the third generation hydroxy Selina methionine which combined advantages of a Celina yeast as a stable product and pure Selina methionine yes so I came to the end of my presentation and here I would like to underline once more and it dogs balance is a God that Samson which we need to look more specifically spend more time spent more money and that information which are cumulative already in medical sciences is enough to prove the point that the regulation of the redox balancing say God that Samson which can help poultry production and I thank you very much yeah thank you and we have time for a question so what is your choice what would you recommend us your top C antioxidant feed additives in general well I saw your picture all at the auctions are important remember there is no one magic bullet which can solve all your problems right that because vitamin E yes it was discovered 1922 that's my first and talked since I started to work forty years ago ok it's nice it's good but vitamin E alone can no solves a problem vitamin E is unnecessary if you look at the level of supplementation today hundred 2 p.m. from for breeders that's the level which are given what is the best can be done in stress conditions like high temperature maybe higher level of vitamin E needed but we Tammany doing half the job because we Tammany reaction with radical producing hydro peroxide product still toxic which must be toxified and they say job for glutathione peroxidase there's a job for selenium so selenium and vitamin e working together in tandem and you cannot replace one by one but once you have a design diet that's good flavonoids that's the most fashionable hundreds and hundreds paper published antioxidants sorry they are not they are not additional antioxidants yes they can affect transcription factors a I'm not saying they are not effective I'm saying to claim their direct antioxidant its role in the field they do not possess an antioxidant activity at all if you look carotenoids yes there is some effect of carotenoids on Antiochian system therefore it's the trickiest job to find that optimal combination of an two oceans which can give you best performance [Music]