[Music] so hello everybody and thank you for joining our dcu virtual rent table uh you know three years ago we carried out projects on small remnants to determine whether the principle of limiting amino acids which has been confirmed many years ago in daily codes works also on smaller limits so the strategy was then first determined the efficiency of methionine according to metabolism protein levels because we know how is the variability in terms of crude protein and mp supplies in the practice where the crude protein levels is often higher than 18 percent and the mp supply are often around 120 percent small remnants requirements uh second determine the the response of small remnants to several metabolisable methionine supplies at adequate mp and crude protein levels and third confirm confirm their responses at adequate levels of mp and medi according to energy levels and studied also what happens at the memory sales level where we get very interesting and original results so i will present you in the following slides on summary of the results that we get from this project the first study was done in collaboration with our colleague philip schmidly from agroparitec to study the performances and metabolic responses to riemann protected methionine supplementation in lactating daily goats fed two levels of metabolisable protein diets our take-home message is that the lower protein yield responses in goats fed methionine balancer diets results from an underestimated dry metal intake by the inner 2007 feeding system as far as we know there is very limited studies in daily growth with a high level of production supplemented with riemann protected methionine in daily girls despite the current french feeding system includes recommendation for limiting amino acids in small remnants that are extrapolated from cows the real requirements were not demonstrated as dawn for cows in europe genetic selection is oriented towards higher milk protein content which is feasible through genetic selection for variants with high casein alpha s1 secretion in goats and this may affect digestible methionine requirements in these animals as shown in this graph for a published experiment study non-consistent responses to methionine supply were observed on milk production and compositional responses thus the objective of the present study this first study was to evaluate the performances of high producing goats to 2d atomic root protein levels supplemented with riemann protected methionine to determine if there is any specific methionine requirements to do that sixteen milky paris alpine goats at ata day in milk were randomly allocated in individual pan according to their milk casing alpha s1 genotype body weight day in milk milk yield and milk protein content they are randomly assigned to low crude protein level 14 percent and normal crude protein levels 16 percent without or with four gram of lemon-protected methionine as smart i mean m to cover around a 100 percent of digestible meltaneous requirement based on co recommendation according to inner 2007 feeding system the trial was a cross over split explode design for nine weeks two periods of four weeks each with one washout week milk and blue samples were corrected before the morning feeding twice and once per week respectively data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of sas according to the crossover design here are the ingredients chemical composition and nutritive values of the experimental diets this diet corresponds to diets used in same region in europe the diets wear easel energy the difference between 14 and 16 uh percent cross protein diets were made by increasing soybean meal and decreasing preservative in a 16 percent crude protein diet digestible methionine was around 1.9 percent metabolic protein in control diets and 2.7 2.6 percent in 14 and 16 crore protein diets supplemented with methionine digestibilizing with around 7.1 percent mp the results showed that dry matter intake was not affected neither by crude protein level in the diets or methionine supplementation crude protein and methionine intakes reflected the experimental design with higher crude protein intake for 16 percent crude protein diet and higher methionine intake in diets implemented with methionine milk yield was slightly affected by the experimental design which increased with methionine in 14 percent crude protein diet but decreased a little bit by in 16 percent crude protein diet milk protein yield was not affected by both crude protein and digestible methionine levels but milk protein content was higher in goats fed 16 percent croat protein diet supplemented with methionine milkeria increased slightly with methionine whatever the crude protein content even though glucose plasma concentration was not affected by treatments we observed an increase of beta-hydroxybutyrate in goats implemented with methionine which uh could be explained by a shift of the use of non-esterified fatty acids towards ketone body synthesis or lower utilization of this beta hydroxybutyrate methionine plasma concentration increased with methionine supplementation lysine plasma concentration decreases in 14 percent crude protein diet and increased the 16 percent crude protein diets as conclusion for this first study increase include protein diet and metabolizable protein pdi above 14 percent and 100 gram per kilogram of dry matter respectively do not improve the dietary goals daily goats performances these results showed very weak interaction between casino alpha s1 variant genotype and methionine supplementation smart amine provide more digestible methionine in goats as attested by the increase of plasma methionine in this study digestible methionine may not have been the first limiting amino acids because the supplies of digestible protein in the intestine exceed the requirement in bear with 14 crore protein and 16 percent crude protein diet which makes not possible to quantify specific digestible methionine requirements so with that thank you for your attention i will take any question you may have well thank you uh la lu um so uh are you suggesting that the basal diets uh for for goats shall be under 14 percent glue protein oh um yeah according to the result that we obtained here danielle i'm suggesting that we should not yeah formulate diets higher than 14 or 15 percent uh growth protein yeah and and the mp levels uh pdi uh should be around 100 gram per kilograms emitter yeah okay uh and uh based on on the amino acid profile um do you think that may other amino acids be affecting uh the the meal production or meal protein production on goats oh um according to those results daniel i think that the label the level of rising could be yeah should be higher than and seven point zero seven point one uh to get a response to methionine i think that we should put a level uh of lysine around the requirement established by their around 7.3 according to in 2007. sure okay then uh your your uh one of your conclusions was that uh there is an overestimation of the dry mild intake of those goats uh uh why did you conclude that or this is based on previous uh information yeah yeah excellent question danielle um yeah the reason because when we formulated uh within our 2007 feeding system yeah to get the four sorry yeah to get uh the four um the four kilogram here of milk production the model predicts 2.9 uh kilogram of general metal intake and we know that here the the dry metal intake is higher than what the model predicts and uh when we get these results at the same time uh silviger from agropolitec uh presented in a three-air meeting here in france it's a french conference uh who compared the inner 2007 system and 2018 system and at that time she said that the 2007 andrew estimated i met we take by 20 percent so we compile her results our results so we get the 20 20 here under estimation okay okay thank you for for clarifying that la lu uh we do have a several other presentations uh so i mean i think we could move forward and uh just just uh something that i forgot to tell you the audience is that uh after we're done with all the presentations uh we are going to leave uh open uh the session for for any general questions that may come up after all the uh all these posters are being presented uh so i mean anybody that wants to hang out for a little longer after the last presentation you can still have chance to ask questions uh so look go ahead and with your second presentation then thank you danielle so this second study was done also in collaboration with philip schmidly for my group paritech to study the performances and plasma energetic parameters in lactating daily goats fed three levels of metabolizable methionine our take-home points here uh are the principle of limiting amino acids may be applied in goats and the atari recommendation for digestible methionine in codes may be used in goats whatever their genetic variant for casein alphas one despite the the current french feeding system includes recommendation for limiting amino acids in small luminance that are extrapolated from codes the real requirement were not demonstrated as done for cause and as i said uh previously in europe the genetic selection is oriented towards a higher milk protein content which is feasible through genetic selection for variant with high casein at first one secretion in goats and this may affect digestible methanol requirements for those animals in the previous experiments i just showed you we filed to obtain a response of milk protein yield or milk protein content in goats fed high or normal crop protein diet 16 or 14 percent with or without methionine supplementation which may be attributed to as i said already to on underestimated geometry intake by inra 2007 feeding system and consequently exceed the metabolizable protein and digestible methionine requirements in both diets we cannot exclude that in this diet digestibly lysine may also be collimating consequently we aim to quantify digestible methionine requirement in adequate crude protein diets 14 percent and determine whether their requirements are affected in ghosts according to their milk protein secretion as derived by as derived sorry by a genetic variant of casein alpha swan 36 multi paris helping girls in relaxation 30 t30 milk were broken in individual pain according to their male casein alpha as one genotype the body weight they milk milk yield and milk protein content and then randomly assigned to their experimental tmr girls were fed at libitum either a basal control diet which was imbalanced for digestible methionine covering around 990 percent of cow's requirement based on cause recommendation or control diet supplemented with methylene through hmbi metasmart predated in the commercial concentrate at right of one percent zero four five or 1.45 percent as fed to cover 100 or 110 percent of cow's requirement for digestible methionine respectively the trial lasted 12 weeks with two weeks of adaptation period to the basel diet milk was collected daily before the am and pm feeding and blew its sample were collected once a week from a week 2 to 12 data were analyzed with mixed procedure of sas for repeated measurement with diet and casein genotype as fixed factor here are the ingredients chemical composition and nutritive values of the experimental diets compared to the previous experiment we added here in this diet the p ingredient to increase the level of lysine the diets were similar for crude protein around 14 percent starch around 18 percent ndf around 38 percent net energy of lactation around 1 660 kilocal per kilogram of dry matter and metabolizable protein around 93 gram per kilogram dry meter calculated digestible lysine was above the requirement the diets differ from their digestible methionine from 1.9 from the ambulance diet to 2.7 percent of mp dry metal intake was not affected by the eternity treatment or causing genotype and and i forget to include the data here as previously observed a high genetic variant of casein goats had higher milk protein content and milk protein yields and low genetic variant of casein goats they also had higher milk fat content whatever the casein variant milk protein content tend to increase with methionine supplementation especially in treatments covering 100 cow requirements whereas the treatment covering 110 percent did not induce further improvement contrary to what we observed in the previous study no change in milk area was observed between the atari treatments a glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate were affected neither by casein genotype or by the atari treatments methionine supplementation decreased non-esterified fatty acid plasma concentration suggesting a lower mobilization of lipids in these girls insulin was stimulated by methionine supplementation in low genetic variant of casein goats where whereas it was decreased in high genetic variant of casein casings so as conclusion the atari digestible methionine around 2.5 percent of metabolic protein is adequate to alpine goats when lysine is not collimating a recommendation for digestible methionine in goats may be similar to cows the recommendation recommendation is adapted to goats with high or low protein yield associated with genetic variants for casein alpha s1 thank you for your attention and please don't hesitate to ask any question you might have thank you alalu a good presentation and and a very uh very nice done um in this case uh compared to the first trial in the first trial uh if i recall you use a smartamine in this second trial you use a meta smart do you expect any differences in the responses of those cows in those goats cows goats excuse me because of the source of the rooming protected methane source that you used well um the reason daniel why we used uh meta smart hmbi is just for practical reason to incorporate it in the concentrate just for practical reasons to facilitate the works in the uh in the farm experimental farm so you don't expect any differences in the responsibility i know the difference could not be due to the source of methanol smart amino smart okay did you uh in this case uh did you uh look into the plasma concentrations of lysine and or methionine yeah daniel uh yeah we um we send the the all the samples yeah you know that those results are uh we obtained them uh recently and we send all the the samples um uh to the lab but uh due to the uh current situation recovery situation uh so uh we get some delay to get uh to get the the the the data the data from the lab so uh all the the samples were analyzed uh and now we are going to analyze the data okay it would be uh it would be a nice to see uh uh what are the concentrations those amino acids so that's good it's good that you have them and that's fine yeah yeah for sure and because we are going to publish also the results so we know that we need this data also so you one final question and then we can move forward to the next presentation la lu so uh you establish uh uh that uh uh your conclusions in in you know it all throughout these two presentations is that the recommendations in terms of the methane as percent of the metabolizer protein should be similar to what we are recommending for for dairy cows would you go with the same for lysine as well good question daniel oh yeah we know that when we increase the level of lysine the response to the methane we get a response to methane supplementation so i think that the level of lazing maybe maybe or could be higher than what we have for the cows so but for that we know we have to land some trials to determine the level of lysine but as trial are focused not on methane but yeah maybe maybe yeah the level of laser could be a little bit higher than than those of the determined forecasts so but at least then therefore but at least you you you have to assure that you have at least a minimum amount of allies and that's required for their cows yeah yeah yeah exactly okay okay well thank you lalu okay uh uh if you can uh we if you uh uh what you can move to the uh your third uh uh uh abstract uh so uh go ahead please thank you thank you danielle so um the third experiment was done uh in collaboration with sophie lamoski last year sophie working in ren to study first the the effect of methionine supplementation at low and adequate net energy supply in lactating daily girls so we emphasized on the interaction between methane and energy supply due to the high consumption consuming energy in protein synthesis process and milk production our take-home message was the methionine balancer diets improved lactating dairy codes performances without energy interaction in this study 48 uh multiparties uh me lactation alpine daily goats were randomly assigned to four groups according to their casein alpha s1 genotype milk yield and composition parity and body weight they received either low or inadequate energy diets with or without methionine supplementation for six weeks all girls received cook food hay ten days before the beginning of the experiment girls started to receive the low energy or the adequate energy concentrate without methionine diets were around 43 percent 4-h and 57 percent concentrated uh iso uh crude protein around 13.5 percent uh ndf around 40 percent uh and starts around uh 18 percent the uh adequate energy content in energy consum energy concentrate is due to less ndf more starch as wheat and fat as uh hydrogenized oil than in low energy concentrate methionine supplementation was done through hmba as metasmart that has been pilated in the consult rate at a right of 0.24 percent dry matter to meet the requirement of two uh 2.5 percent mp and distributed at the beginning of the experiment milk production parameters were analyzed between between day 19 and day 32 a blood was sampled on day 28 related to perturbation a covariance variance analysis was performed using the mixed procedure sas the statistical model include included the the effect of casino alphas one genotype energy methane and the interaction between energy and methionine all as a fixed defect dry metal intake of concentrate was on average 1.52 kilogram of dry matter per day per goat 4-h uh in intake per group of 12 girls varied from 13.40 0.4 to a 14.9 kilogram of dry metal per uh per day the net energy of lactation density of the two low energy diets were at 1.47 mega per kilogram of dry matter and the density of the two adequate energy diets were at 1.54 mega per kilogram of dry matter and last metabolic protein content for all the diets were at 86 gram per kilogram of dry metal as expected milk yield increased significantly with methionine at adequate energy supply milk yield tended to increase with net energy supply milk protein content increases significantly with methionine supply and milk protein yield increases significantly in response to methylene and tended to increase with energy supply milk fat content tended to increase with methylene supply and increased significantly with energy supply milk fat yield increased with methane supply at adequate level of energy with a tendency of an interaction and increases significantly with energy supply a plasma concentration of methionine did not vary significantly probably because methionine uptake by the memory grant was higher or the sampling time is the sampling time was not adequate methionine as an m4 amino acid may have increased the mammary gland uptake and utilization of other amino acids as you can see the plasma lysine and bronchial chain amino acid concentration significantly decreases in response to methane supply this decrease in plasma lysine concentration also suggests that lysine become only cool emitting amino acids with methanol supplementation increasing energy supply increases plasma concentration of bronchitis chain amino acids in conclusion the principle of limiting amino acids can be applied in high producing daily girls as in lactating radicals since methionine has a positive effect on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy goats with a greater effect when the level of energy is adequate the the effect on milk yield depends on net energy of lactation thank you for your attention i will take any question you may have thank you lalu um i i i just uh was looking into your last comments there in terms of the plus amino acid concentrations and that may be the response uh to uh emptor some of these amino acids that we do know that they have an impact i just wonder uh if energy source and you i don't think you can separate these two because you had the energy source was supplied by both fat and starch correct so correctly i don't think you can kind of delucidate if energy source may had an impact on these responses to these uh to these uh from uh to this cause from the uh from the amino acid concentrations because you both increase both the glucogenic diet of glucogenic energy and and the fat energy as well so uh but i think this begs a little uh a kind of a deeper insight into if you have a differential responses to these amino acids based on the the source of energy uh supplied to these goats okay well yeah i know that that's a very nice presentation la lu uh and um i don't know if there are any more questions we can move to your your next presentation go ahead please uh thank you daniel in the third experiment that we don't uh with uh sophie uh i just showed you we collaborated with uh mario from innate uh ren uh same team then sophie to study the effect of methionine at mammary grand sales level so mario explored the impact of methionine on gene expression and cell death in the mammary tissues of lactating daily goats fed low and adequate net energy supplies and the take home message from this study is methionine supplementation increases casein casein gene expression at adequate energy level and reduce cell apoptosis in the mammary tissue of lactating their growth this process may explain the increase of milk protein synthesis yeah we know methionine is an amino acid which has non beneficial effects in a daily cause methylene supply increases milk protein yield and content administration and increase also milk fat yield in dairy cows a significant increase in meat kid has been observed in dairy codes supplemented with methionine early lactation very few uh are known about the effect on women protected methane of renal protecting methane in dairy goats amino acid supply effect could depend on the level of energy since milk protein is an energy high cost process it has been clearly shown that energy levels can impact both cell activity and same number in the mammary tissues for example energy feed restriction clearly reduces the milk yield and this effect can be associated with both reduction in cell activity and cell number in the mammary tissue feed restriction reduces either enzyme activity and milk protein gene expression feed restriction is also known to impact proliferation and cell apoptosis balance and there's impact same number in daily cause few is known about this effect in dairy co in their goats the objective of this study was then to understand and underlying cellular mechanism associated with milk yield and composition responses to methionine supplementation at two levels of energy in high producing dairy goats this and this is in order to better unders understand the effect of methionine on cell activity and cell number from the 48 multiparis alpine daily goats used in the third experiment i just presented 20 we randomly selected 24 uh goats that have been uh after six weeks of treatments and mammary tissues were collected briefly for the the the the experimental design so in the main experiment we used 48 meter paris mid lactation alpine daily goats where uh randomly are saying to four groups according to their casino alpha s1 genotype milk yield and composition parity and body weight and all of them they received either low or adequate energy diets whether without methionine supplementation during six weeks weeks all girls received the the hay ten days before the beginning of the experiment girls started to receive the low energy and adequate energy concentrate without methionine and diets where diets were around 43 percent uh forage and 57 concentrate on 47 personal consult rate issue crude protein around 13.5 ndf around 40 percent uh starts around 18 the adequate energy uh content in energy concentrate is due to less ndf more starch as weight and fat as uh indrogenized oil than in low energy uh concentrate methanol supplementation was done through mba which has been incorporated in the [Music] in the uh console concentrate at right of 0.24 percent dry matter to meet the requirement of 2.5 percent mp and then distributed at the beginning of the experiment the net energy of lactation uh for the low um uh low energy diet uh was at 1.47 mega per kilogram of dry matter and the net energy of lactation in the adequate energy diets where at one point 54 mega cal per kilogram of july matter and the mp level was at uh at the rate of 86 gram per kilogram modular metal total rna were extracted from the mammary tissues and milk protein gene expression were analyzed by air capacity and alpha s1 casein alpha electrolybumine and lps6k1 were analyzed as they are related to their regulation of transcription and translation the right of cell apoptosis in the mammalian tissues was determined after immunodetection of geneal positive cells or variance covariance analysis was performant on the mean of the last week the statistical model included the effect of casein alpha s1 genotype energy methionine and their interaction and all of them has fixed defect here are the results from the 24 authorized goats milk yield did not vary according to either methane supplementation or energy level however milk protein yield increases significantly by nine percent in response to methionine milk fat yield also increases significantly by 10 percent in response to methionine energy has the same positive effect on milk fat yield with a 10 percent increase when low energy groups were compared with adequate energy group here are the effects of milk uh protein gene expression in the mammary tissues casein alpha s1 and kappa casein gene expression were significantly affected by the treatments with the significant interaction between energy and methionine in methionine supplemented goals energy uh increased by three and 0.9 fold casein alpha s1 and capacity level respectively at energy at adequate energy level methionine increased significantly by 3.3 and one fold causing alpha s1 and kappakaze in levels respectively alpha lactolymine gene expression was not affected the lp s6 cabin1 gene related with the regulation and transcription sorry the regulation on the transcription and translation and also in emptor complex was affected similarly to casein gene expression in methionine supplemented goats energy increases by 0.5 fold of lpc lps 6 cabin1 and at adequate energy methionine increases by 0.6 fold lps 6 kb 1 transcripts the up regulation of lps 6 kb 1 with methionine has already been observed in mammary epithelius cultivated in vitro mammary apoptosis right measured by immunodetection of tuning positive cells was not affected by energy but methylene supplementation reduced by 51 apoptosis right in the mammary tissues interestingly mammary apoptosis right was correlated with milk yield so in conclusion methionine supply induced an increase in milk protein gene expression at adequate level of energy and reduces cell apoptosis right in the mammary tissues this could explain the positive effect of methanol supply on the production of milk protein by the daily girls the positive effect of methionine on gene expression level casein and also lps 6 q1 played potentially a role in the increase in milk protein yield found in goats receiving a diet supplemented with methionine the effect on methanol milk protein gene expression depends on net energy lactation the positive effect on methane or the rate of cell apoptosis in the mammary tissue could explain the increase in milk protein yield in our study and could also be involved in the beneficial effect of methionine at early lactation in dairy cows so without thank you with us thank you for your attention and we'll take any question thank you lalu as we move forward with your presentations we're getting much much deeper and uh and there is a lot of data to chew on um and and again uh you know i'm going to come back to um it looks like there is a direct uh relationship with with uh amino acids and energy and the in the activity of all these or in the expression of these genes it would be interesting to see if there is a if there is a a an impact of the type of energy that was a supply to these uh to this coach did you did you did you look for a insulin concentration in those those plasmas and those goats oh don't think so daniel because yeah we know that insulin that we have high variation in the in the insulin measurements so i think that we did not include that in in our protocols okay okay i just wonder because uh it could be an indication maybe you could delete the idea the source of energy by by looking into uh to the increase in insulin concentrations and see if there is an impact on the emptor activity and the use of those those amino acids uh but uh yeah very interesting are you aware of if this type of information was done in in mammary glands of dairy cows i'm not sure danielle i think this is the first time that we showed that there's a result especially for the abduct apoptosis okay in in goats because uh to do that i think we need to um to autonomize the the the animals and uh and uh have access to the mammary gland tissue because when we get the the uh the biopsy for example for cause i think that many parameters including those parameters will be will be impacted negatively yeah okay okay okay well thank you uh thank you lalu uh for uh for going through these presentations uh very interesting and uh very very nice nice data and a lot of data to chew on again all right uh we can move to the uh to the next presentation if you want la lu oh thank you danielle um so last uh the same the same than the the the the slide the the experiment the project that i just showed you uh from from the third experiment done with uh with sofi sophie lemosky uh we collaborated with eric from nrn uh also in the same team then sophie and mario to study the effect of methionine uh in the uh membrane traffic and secretion of milk components in its mammary epithelial cells so uh the results as the the results that i just showed you are very uh really uh original results so we found that uh diets uh energy level regulate membrane traffic in the secretary pathway of mammary epithelia cells moreover the supply of methionine improves the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum and appears to further promote intracellular transport of milk component and ultimately their secretion it is well known that methionine supplementation increases milk and milk composition in dairy cows obviously we curious to see whether it would have a similar effect in goats moreover we wondered whether this increase in the secretion of major milk components could be explained by increasing membrane fluid in the secretory pathways of mammary epithelial cells in daily goats briefly both milk protein and lipid are made at the endoplasmic reticulum level and that in mammary epithelial cells the release of milk protein by exocytosis and lipids by padding at the plasma membrane are somehow anti-connected so for the experiment it was the same uh same experiment in sophie briefly 48 muti paris mid lactation alpine dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups according to their cousin alpha s1 genotype milk yield composition parity and body weight they received either a low uh or inadequate energy diets with or without methane supplementation during six weeks all girls received the hay uh ten days before the beginning of the experiment girls started to receive the low energy and adequate energy concentrate without methionine um diets were 43 percent forage and uh 75 percent uh concentrate uh methionine supplementation uh was done through hmba okay as metasmart has been cooperated in the concentrate at the right of 0.24 july matter to meet the requirement of to 2.5 mp and distributed at the beginning of the experiment uh the net energy uh lactation density of the low energy diets were at one point 47 mega cal per kilogram of dry matter and the density of adequate energy diets were at 1.54 mega cal per kilogram dry matter and the metabolic protein at right of 86 gram per kilogram of dry matter so after six six weeks of treatment 24 girls from the the 48 goats were authorized aside and mammary tissues tissues were collected proteins were extracted and analyzed by western gluten using antibodies against specific protein of the subcomponent of the secretary pathway namely the endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum golgi and transport vesicles in addition we analyzed several regular regulatory proteins of transport physical formation western bloats uh seniors were quantified standards and standardized to the signal obtained for cellular actin and the data will proceed using a various covalenous analysis so as you can see here western bloat results for a subset of markers there was a substantial individual variation between animals in the amount of some markers however if you focus on the connexin for example which is an endoplasmic plasmic reticulum marker you could observe that the signal are somewhat more elevated at adequate energy level with or without methionine and this is also true for airline 2 which is a marker of endoplasmic reticulum here are the results for the full sets of protein we tested as observed in the previous image previous slide we found significa significative effect of the energy level on the endoplasmic reticulum markers canexin and airline 2 with 20 percent less senior intensity in goats fed the low energy diets in methane balancer diets both markers increased by 20 percent as well as on protein disulfide isomerase pda with a 20 with a 45 percent increase for this one on the other hand rp1 a specific marker of secretory vesicles formation was at its uh at its highest level uh in goats fed methane balancer diet at adequate energy supply and decreased by 25 percent in goats fed the low energy diets the golgi markers are more difficult to interpret but as the first upper approximation the significant higher amount of beta corp found with low energy diets may reflect decrease in mammary transport through and out the golgi system so in conclusion we showed at the cell level our our observations are in agreement with a positive effect on methane or the activity of endoplasmic reticulum we also found that endoplasmic reticulum activity depends on the net energy of lactation and the post-colgi transport is at the highest level at adequate energy level with methionine supplementation so we can therefore conclude that methionine improves sentences uh activity at the endoplasmic reticulum level and has the tendency to further promote interaction uh sorry uh intracellular transport of milk components in the secretory pathway and ultimately their secretion into milk thank you for your attention i will take any question you may have thank you uh la lu and uh what a way to uh to finish up the series of your uh if your very high efforts in trying to elucidate this impact of methane to goats which i think is very useful in formation for all ruminants at the end of the day um we uh we started with this uh this series of uh of uh round tables uh uh last week and uh with the same level of intensity in looking into gene expressions uh when you're feeding uh methionine added methionine to uh in that case uh if you may recall during heat stress to dairy cows now we are looking where where we came to a goats uh the expression of genes uh at the mammary gland cell level uh this is really very interesting uh responses and and again i'm going to come back to this uh question of uh trying to delucidate uh which if uh the energy source has a differential impact on the activity of these genes and or the expression of these genes and how this may affect your observation that mechanic has an impact on on meal fat as you as you concluded it's been seen and reported in dairy cows but i think it is a very uh nice area of work and uh something that we should uh continue pursuing yeah yeah i'm totally i'm totally agree uh danielle uh working on this source of energy impact will be very interesting and as you say yesterday maybe we have to eliminate analysis that we presented yesterday maybe we have to to start uh to start working that by meta analysis by integrating the source of energy and see what what the methanol says but uh yeah of course running some trials uh studying this source of energy impacts all those all these parameters will be very very interesting and important yeah um so uh la lu uh you know overall uh uh which uh other besides methionine uh which other amino acids do you think uh there is impacting then uh the responses of goats oh i will uh oh i i would say first from what we learned here uh danielle uh first we have to yeah to pay attention to the prediction of dry matter intake this is the first thing uh also for the uh methamphetamine protein which will be around let's say uh not more 100 gram per kilogram of dry matter dry matter so in the the two last project you worked on with uh mp with pdi levels around 90. okay and in addition to the methionine that will be around the requirement they said the recommendation the same same one then cause lysine will be the second uh will be the second emitting us acid for goats that should be that would be uh around 7.3 percent uh mp danielle uh but uh for uh for uh there's um for this uh all this project three project the eastern uh i think uh ecd level uh was around 2.1 so um that will be interesting also to see if increasing the level of acidity could improve the the response to uh to to to to to methionine uh supplementation so i would say uh first methionine and lysine should be around seven point three percent mp for thank you for ghosts thank you lalu i have uh one comment uh could you uh uh conclude that uh supplementation when it's limiting may affect all metabolic or metabolic machinery involving meal protein synthesis ah good question uh very interesting question danielle i think that while we demonstrated with uh with uh uh eric while we showed you in the last presentation with eric in addition to the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi also so uh maybe we should uh we should um see other markers to uh integrate other markers in in the uh further experiment to see how how methane could impact other other pathways other uh yeah maybe yeah we should include uh other parameters to to determine other biomarkers to determine uh if it impacts all the machinery by synthesis okay we do it looks like uh do we did see an impact on meal fat synthesis uh by feeding methionine do you think other amino acids may have a similar impact on on fat or even in protein synthesis let me ask you the question the other way around other amino acids on goats there is not a single amino acid that may limit uh the whole machinery or stop the whole machinery uh so that's that's what i was trying to get at if it would be the same for ghosts and that than for that lactating dairy cows yeah maybe maybe daniel maybe it should be the same process but for that we have to yeah we have to demonstrate that well everything will be the same you have a lot of work to do yeah if you're going to keep keep on continuing with that with a small ruminant so i think what i what i think is really uh uh encouraging is to see that uh the uh these basic principles used in in in in dairy uh uh uh you know at the cell level uh it can be uh so far it looks like we can apply it to uh to uh to dirty goats yeah and probably vice versa so that's that's a good thing uh that we can at least realize and rely on this information and and keep on working with that so yeah yeah i agree with you daniel yeah the last question i have for you if there aren't any other questions from the general audience is uh uh you you discuss the differences between the england models uh in the middle in the in the all the old model and the new version uh is that is the new version of the in the mall is out or when do you think it's going to come out i think you have to ask that question for daniel or pierre mozier but from what i heard the uh yeah the the the the software for uh dairy cows is already uh is already uh available but for uh uh for uh lactating lactating there is more imminence so they are working on so they said that they will be available soon so uh i don't know exactly i don't know exactly what we get yeah yeah i know i know working with smallies is very very hard and very complicated so yeah it's not easy they said that the second step will to work on all small remnants goats and goats and sheep and then at the end the beef uh beef or we can be for the last step okay okay well la lu uh uh i don't see any more questions coming from the audience uh i just want to uh thank you for all your work uh this is uh this is a a lot of work a lot of data to digest and uh to uh to uh come up to i hope to see a full uh manuscripts for these so we can lead them and ruminant illuminate i mean it's just giving 10 minutes for each presentation i know it's not fair i wasn't fair for any of the presenters but with this we conclude the the round the round table sessions for adsa thank you everybody and stay safe