[Music] good afternoon ladies and gentlemen it's quite a great pleasure to welcome you here in Bangkok and I'm pleased and I will start by the ladies first I'm pleased to introduce a first dr. Ann : from INRA in charge of the I would say conditioning of the of the young birds and how you can influence the first future growth of the a of the broilers and dr. Cecil Barry director of the poultry Research Center in France the Bua new name of the Institute and dr. Jenny Aurora from Queensland University in Australia and very well known on the appetite control feed intake control and so on and you know we are organizing a seminar tomorrow focusing on rearing Birds under hot conditions in one of the first aspect when you talk about hot conditions is very often the feed intake and drop in finding tank and the hot conditions and my first question to all of you could be do you think that we can change a little bit that and stimulate the feed intake and that could be applied also on the hot conditions well I guess I will start in thanks for the invitation it's a pleasure to be here the the quick answer to the question is yes I think things can be changed we can modify we can stimulate or reduce intake and even under heat conditions there are certain parameters that that we can work on now the the question of can we modify feed intake it's probably - it's probably to go together with if we modify feed intake is that gonna have an impact on on growth and fit conversion because what was saying is that not always so not always that you have a response on feed intake you have also the desired response on growth particularly under heat stress conditions right so I think that the answer is complex so can we change food intake yes is that change infinity going to be translated into into meat if you want not always so we need to be aware of that right and I guess I don't know if energy so is a question I think you're right when we say stimulating for intake obviously the metabolic efficiency and the hot conditions is also a parameters but I would say when we talk about stability infinity can we also manipulate or stimulates about early in life even in the embryo face to stimulate the appetite for the moment I don't know really any study about this but it could I think it's a field to explore I think that beside this aspect on feeding tech the animal has to be also able to dissipate the heat it will produce with this load of heat additional heat so I think that by favoring heat loss also perhaps it's a way to to add the anymore lowering less is a feeding tech if I may add to the question because in in the area of nutrient sensing now the bird is sensing nutrients basically whether it's in the oral cavity or or in the GI tract spin some recent attempts to modify those the expression of these genes in oval or perinatal if you want and with reasonable success so you can basically I think I think you mentioned before we were chatting informally the concept of conditioning and I think you do I think you can condition some of these genes and obviously we have an split here on conditioning in fact we have done some experiments with heat conditioning during embryogenesis and it has a positive impact on on thermal tolerance when you challenge the birds with heat in the long term it also as a positive impact in the breast shield it lowers fat fat yield at the abdominal level and in fact there are other strategies to be studied perhaps linked to the nutrient load in the egg that could also have an impact on the further metabolism of the of the birds and here there are probably many things to experiments also to do with this and when you preconditions anymore in fact what is the mechanism at the end to be adapted to the to the heat to the future its stress is that you improve the heat loss or you change the metabolic production of the heat to be more resistant I think we have both types of mechanisms the the animal will reduce its energy metabolism and the intensity of energy metabolism we have a lower plasma t3 concentration for example that is a normal that is stimulating heat production so this is decreased we have the expression of some genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism that is decreased also in the liver decreasing the activity of citrate synthase that is involved in Krebs cycle but also we think that the heat loss across mechanisms are also affected because in the animals that were early conditions they are more able to evacuate heat by the calm with we think by with a sensible heat loss and we also have results on genetic expression in the muscle that are induced in in case of heat challenge and they are involved in vascularization so we think that at the level of blood supply towards the periphery of the animal perhaps there is a Hara a mechanism that could adapt better the bird very interesting and I think to to jabber that when I see the watches we changes mitochondrial functioning change in fat vascularization what does that mean in muscle development mid quality after yes there is a few data regarding the the impact of early management and especially early conditioning or very early feeding on muscle development and we know that this can really affect the the future development of the muscle and this is very important especially now because you all know that there is many defects related to cellular disturbance like a white stripping wooden rest and we know that there is a replacement of muscle fiber by adipose tissue and connective tissue and this lead to all these defects and I am convinced that by the early management is a early feeding or change of the Innova condition temperature or oxygen supply for example it would be very interesting to know how to simulate the capillaries of formation and that could be also interfering with the hot conditions for instance do you have any idea about interaction with the environment yes I think that hot conditions are really inducing oxidative stress so and we know that in case of defects mid defect the oxidative stress is very important so in odd condition I think the the the result and the problem will be worst could we could we even reinforce that looking at the breeder side before you know even before the embryo yes there are more and more students showing that some pathways can be affected in the parents and so the breeders and then could pass to the the offspring and currently we have some programs to try to unravel whether the thermal conditioning of the parents can affect the yes in the off strength and especially my colleague doesn't custom with an epigenetic cyst is working on a quail model that of inbred lines in order to limit genetic variability in order to to really study the mechanisms in the parents and in the offspring to see if there are apathetic mechanisms that will affect gene expression and then the mechanisms involved in thermal tolerance very interesting and maybe you want to gather something yes sir I was just gonna say and I think it's a very interesting concept because it relates a little bit to what what we're doing we've been trying to identify what nutrients are or what genes related to nutrient sensing are affected by by situation of heat stress right and we're hoping that we're asking the animal to tell us you know what's bothering the animal what genes that are related to nutrient digestibility is nutrient absorption what are those genes that that we see being overexpressed and and we have and I think most of the genes that we have identified genes of interest and we're not talking about RNA sake where you look at all the transcriptomics looking at specific change and and they are related to two amino acid sensing and amino acid absorption transporters and I think that's that's telling us a few key aspects of what can we then go back and says alright can I get this animal ready for the heat stress before the heat stress comes and how do we do that well if we know which are the genes that will be key can we then use conditioning or parental feeding or and I think there's robust evidence at least in in nutrient sensing that that we can change that in early in life or or or ANOVA that we can expose the embryo to a number of different ligands if you want or nutrients and and get that embryo more sensitive more ready to observe those realities you can do that I think that's a future path that that will somebody will need to take in this line we have very recently the lab showing that in the epithalamus of the quiz submitted to the stimulation hit stimulation during embryogenesis in fact there are some pathways affected and related to epigenetic modifications and some of them will regulate pathways linked to neuronal response but also GU station so perhaps there could be here a link yes with this we definitely need to talk it's good to meet during seminars and so on maybe you know that question we talk about nutrients we talk about you know energy amino acid and what about water because in fact on the odd conditions the first thing we drink is water so how can we stimulate the animal to drink more we know that when the drink they eat so definitely and when we talk about heat stress it seems that a lot of the changes in metabolism around heat stress might be one way or the other related to great distribution of liquid of water in the body right we know that the heat stress response is about adrenaline just getting the the blood pressure up in periphery producing blood in the GI tract therefore creating lickings in the gut therefore creating inflammation and so on so there's a number of different aspects of how not only birds you wouldn't I wouldn't say that that that's unique to birds but how we deal with water reservoirs in the in the body to account for for heat stress but and obviously one of the things that that we will see at least in in humans is dry mouth right and dry mouth goes exactly against any intake at all so if you have dry dry dry mouth see the last thing you wanna you want to do is eating a cookie right or a meal right not gonna be able to birds in fact when it comes to to salivation and lubrication of the balls are very poor doing that they have very little saliva and the saliva barely gets into the the bolus itself so a little effect on that hypo salivation and and you have a problem the bird would not be able to swallow so I'm quite sure that that water is a major a major player in in his stress I'm not sure we're dealing with water appropriately I'm not sure we do but certainly in if you want to get that spin on on how do we sense what well we know how he sends water we know the receptors aquaporins are called they're present in the taste buds and they're pressing in mobs ubiquitousness it's a big big family aquaporins with a number of different functions but only but obviously one of the functions of aquaporins in the oral cavities perception of water right and we know that aquaporins will be over regulated when when there's some dryness and so it's craving for for water right considered the water regulation not in mine but there are studies about electrolytes and salt potassium chloride into the water I think the quality of water also perhaps can perhaps yes it's important to manage but we have to take care of the liter so when we used such strategies I think regarding the the meat aspect and so on have you even looked more at the effect of the hot temperature on the quality of the of the meat on the response of the muscle to the to the hot exposure and so on yes of course hot temperature will affect the development of my son and by this way it will affect mid quality and because it will affect the growth so for example it will have an impact on the incidence of defects because we know that white stripping wouldn't breast spaghetti muscle more frequent when the growth of the muscle is very high so in some term the hot can preserve could reduce but we have to be careful because we know also that oxidative stress is one of the problem in this defect so hot condition can have an impact and I would like also to say that the response is not so easy because it depends if the stress is chronic or if it's a acute stress and it will also affect the glycol glycogen reserve of the muscle for example and the response are not always easy to interpret but we know that it can affect for example drip loss and have a lot of consequence on processing yield and on production cost so it's important to to study the the effect of odd condition on mid quality and I think we have some work to do Jeanne you want to complement am I allowed to ask a question because that's never ends it's fascinating I'm really interested in mid quality as well and what I would connecting some of of what what we've been looking at the different pathways that that that suffer changed due to heat stress and one is definitely the the non-esterified fatty acids the NEFA so the whole fatty acid digestion absorption mobilization it's all over the place in in doing heat stress and I know that obviously chicken meat doesn't have a lot of fat but still I think it could potential at least to my limited knowledge tremendously affect the the taste the texture the the the succulents if you want it would that be reasonable to assume or do you know what happens with fat and fat the position during heat stress I don't know if I can answer the the the thing is that the breast muscle is very poor in lipid and we know that it's quite difficult to change it actually the the best way to change it is to have a white stripping and we know by survey in slaughter plant that with years the the the amount of light pit content increased from one person to two in I would say ten years about so that but in the same way it has a bad impact on quality so I think the succulence is not really related to this change what I would like just to add about the meat quality I think it's very important to manage the early development of muscle because we know that during the last days during incubation the yield regarding body weight of the breast muscle decrease because of protein catabolism because at this time the chick the embryo needs a lot of energy and we know that in the modern genotype they have really a lack of energy reserve a muscle when they hatch and this we demonstrate very recently that this lack of energy very early can impact the the meat quality and can impact the incidence for example of white stripping so I really think that people who work on meat quality as also to work on this very early development to try to understand if the modern genotype like something at the very beginning some nutrients some oxygen and so finally when we talk about all this C myopathies or breast defaults and sounds that are developing I would say in temperate conditions in fact even under hot conditions you put another stress on the top of the anymore so you might also find it and I've heard earlier on today's that people are now starting to complain also here but this is default so I think really it's something that he will spread and that is important to consider obviously you see earlier management of breeding management the early conditioning is maybe an issue but I think there are still so many things to do so I appreciate your our discussion this afternoon and I think we could we could last for hours on the topic I'm sure that you are all passionated by your topics so thanks very much and hope to have enjoyable talks tomorrow [Music]